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norm rad I > Types of X-rays > Flashcards

Types of X-rays Flashcards

0
Q

Part Position:

A

Part Position:

  • the position of the body part being exposed
    Ex: on a Cervical Flexion view the head is in complete Flexion
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1
Q

Central Ray (CR)

A

Central Ray (CR):

  • the center of a radio graphic beam
  • will be demonstrated by a shadow created by the collimating light when positioning a patient
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2
Q

Patient Position:

A

Patient Position:

  • the postural attitude of the patient’s body during the exposure of the film
    Ex: recumbent, seated, standing
  • most chiropractic films are weight bearing (standing or seated)
  • in the case of extremes obesity, recumbent positioning displaces adipose tissue
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3
Q

Tube:

A

Tube:

  • the portion of the machine where x-Ray radiation is produced and directed towards the patient
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4
Q

Tube Tilt:

A

Tube Tilt:

  • the angle of the x-ray machine tube
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5
Q

Tube / Film Distance:

A

Tube / Film Distance:

  • AKA Focal/Film Distance
  • distance between the tube and the film
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6
Q

BUCKY:

A

BUCKY:

  • the portion of the x-ray machine which houses the grid and the cassette will be placed during the exposure of a film
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7
Q

CASSETTE:

A

CASSETTE:

  • a light-tight box (casing)
  • allows unexposed film to be in a lighted room unaffected
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8
Q

COLLIMATION:

A

COLLIMATION:

  • a mechanism (inside the tube) utilized to limit the exposure field
  • required to be seen on the film in some states
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9
Q

CEPHALAD:

A

CEPHALAD:

  • towards the head or I-S (inferior to superior)
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10
Q

CAUDAL

A

CAUDAL:

  • towards the feet or S-I (superior to inferior)
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11
Q

DISTAL:

A

DISTAL:

  • towards the periphery of the body
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12
Q

PROXIMAL:

A

PROXIMAL:

  • towards the center of the body
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13
Q

LATERAL:

A

LATERAL:

  • towards the right or left side of the body
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14
Q

Medial:

A

Medial:

  • towards the midline of the body
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15
Q

Flexion:

A

Flexion:

- angle of body parts is decreased

16
Q

Extension:

A

Extension:

  • angle of body parts is increased
17
Q

MARKERS

A
18
Q

Single Letter Markers:

A

Single Letter Markers:

  • the single letter marker indicates the patient’s appropriate side of the body part closest to the film during exposure
19
Q

Multiple Letter Markers:

A

Multiple Letter Markers:

  • the marker will indicate the body part closest to the film during the exposure.
    Ex: RAO, RPO
20
Q

Placement of Marker:

A

Placement of Marker:

  • never obstruct any anatomical structure with a marker
  • carefully place markers so that they are not COLLIMATION out of the exposed area of the film
  • DO NOT PLACE MARKERS IN AREA OF NAMEPLATE
21
Q

Mitchell Markers:

A

Mitchell Markers:

  • markers with Mercury Balls inside a small dome or bubble
  • when the BUCKY is upright the balls will be located at the BOTTOM of the dome
  • when the BUCKY is PARALLEL to the FLOOR, the balls will be CENTRALLY located
22
Q

CERVICAL VIEWS

A
23
Q

Lateral Cervical View:

A

Lateral Cervical View:

CR: Left to Right OR Right to Left (doctor’s choice except for Scoliosis)

Patient Position: patient’s Coronal Plane is PERPENDICULAR to the BUCKY

TUBE TILT: NONE (some techniques will be taken with a tube tilt for chiropractic purposes)

24
Q

Lateral Cervical View: (continued)

A

Lateral Cervical View: (continued)

  • DEMONSTRATES: body heights & body widths
  • disc height
  • cervical curve
  • ADI (less than 3mm for adults, less than 5mm for children)
25
Q

Lateral Cervical View (demonstrates continued 2)

A

Lateral Cervical View (demonstrates continued 2):

  • sella turcica (AP normal range 5-16 mm, average 11 mm)
    (SI normal range 4-12 mm, average 8 mm)
  • prevertebral soft tissue:
    - RetroPHARYNGEAL Interspace at C1-C3
    - RetroLARYNGEAL Interspace C4-C5
    - RetroTRACHEAL Interspace C6-C7

Airways:

                 - Pharynx C1-C3
                 - Larynx C4-C5
                 - Trachea C6-C7
26
Q

AnteroPosterior Cervical View

A

AnteroPosterior Cervical View:

  • aka Lower Cervical View
  • CR: anterior to posterior
  • PATIENT POSITION: patient’s Coronal plane is Parallel to the BUCKY with the MidSagittal plane aligned with the Vertical Midline of the BUCKY
27
Q

AnteroPosterior Cervical View:

A

AnteroPosterior Cervical View:

  • Tube Tilt: 15 degrees CEPHALAD
  • Demonstrates:
    - Joints of Luschka
    - Bony structures
    - Soft tissue (trachea in the midline)
    - Air space (Apex of the Lungs)
28
Q

AnteroPosterior Open Mouth View:

A

AnteroPosterior Open Mouth View:

  • CR: Anterior to Posterior
  • Patient Position: patient’s Coronal plane is Parallel to BUCKY w/ patient’s MidSagittal plane aligned w/ vertical midline of the BUCKY.
  • Patient’s mouth is open and the head is extended 15 degrees (with CR Parallel to the floor)
  • or hard palate is Parallel to the floor (with CR Cephalad 15 degrees)
    DEMONSTRATES:
    - Atlas
    - Axis
    - Joint spaces
29
Q

A-P Open Mouth (continued):

A

A-P Open Mouth (continued):

  • Tube Tilt: Parallel to floor if head is extended
    - 15 degrees Cephalad if head is Parallel to the floor
  • DEMONSTRATES:
    - Atlas
    - Axis
    - Atlanto-Occipital Joint
    - Atlanto-Axial Joint
30
Q

Flexion and Extension Views:

A

Flexion and Extension Views:

  • CR: Left to Right OR Right to Left
  • Patient Position: the patient’s Coronal plane is Perpendicular to BUCKY with full Flexion or full Extension of the Head
  • Tube Tilt: NONE
  • Demonstrates:
    - ADI (should not deviate more than 1 mm from neutral lateral view)
    - Cervical curve
    - Mobility of Cervical spine
31
Q

Cervical Obliques:

A

Cervical Obliques:

  • CR: Anterior Obliques
    - Posterior to Anterior
  • CR: Posterior Obliques
    - Anterior to Posterior
  • Patient Position: the patient’s Coronal plane is angled 45 degrees to the BUCKY
  • Tube Tilt:
    Anterior: Cephalad
    Posterior: Caudal
  • DEMONSTRATES:
    IVFs
32
Q

THORACIC VIEWS

A
33
Q

AnteroPosterior Thoracic:

A

AnteroPosterior Thoracic:

  • CR: Anterior to Posterior
  • Patient position: patient is Upright w/ their Coronal plane Parallel to the BUCKY (patient will be x-rayed Supine if they are extremely Obese)
  • Tube Tilt: NONE
  • DEMONSTRATES:
    - Thoracic spine
    - Ribs
    - Lung Fields
    - Sternum
34
Q

Lateral Thoracic:

A

Lateral Thoracic:

  • CR: Left to Right OR Right to Left
  • Patient Position: the patient’s Coronal Plane is Perpendicular to the BUCKY
  • Tube Tilt: NONE
  • DEMONSTRATES:
    - Thoracic Spine
    - Ribs
    - Lung Fields
    - Heart Shadow
35
Q

Lateral CervicoThoracic:

A

Lateral CervicoThoracic:

   - aka Swimmer's View
   - CR: Obliquely Left to Right OR Obliquely Right to Left
   - Patient Position: patient's Coronal plane is Rotated 10-20 degrees off of Perpendicular to the BUCKY with the arm next to the BUCKY Flexed and the Arm next to the Tube Extended
36
Q

Swimmer’s View (continued)

A

Swimmer’s View (continued)

  • Tube Tilt: Caudal 5 degrees
  • DEMONSTRATES:
    - Lower Cervical Spine
    - Upper Thoracic Spine
  • ONLY taken when these items are NOT Visible on routine Lateral Cervical View
37
Q

LUMBAR VIEWS

A

norm rad I (2 decks)

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