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Biol 331 > Types Of Vesicle Transport And Lysosomes > Flashcards

Types Of Vesicle Transport And Lysosomes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of vesicles

A

Cop1 coated

Copll coated

Clathrin coated

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2
Q

What are cop 2 coated vesicles

A

They move cargo forward from the ER to the golgi

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3
Q

How do cop 2 vesicles actually collect the proteins to be transport from the ER

A

Cop ll select and concentrate certain protiens by interacting with transmembrane protiens that have ER export signals

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4
Q

What types of protiens do cop 2 vesicles actually select and concentrate

A

Enzymes destined for Golgi (ex glycosyltransferase)

Proteins involved in vesicle docking and fusion with things (ex SNARE)

Proteins that bind to soluble cargo (which is supposed to be secreted out of the cell)

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5
Q

What things are needed to form cop 2 vesicles

A

Sar 1 (g protien)

Sec 23/24

Sec 13/31

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6
Q

What are the first two steps in cop 2 vesicles forming

A
  1. Sar 1 (a cop 2 coat G protien)

Sar 1- GDP is recruited to the ER by guanine exchange factor (GEF) to turn its into. SAR 1 GTP

  1. SAR 1 GTP changes conformation to insert into the cytoplasmic leaflet of the ER memebrane (this bends the membrane to begin vesicle budding
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7
Q

What are the 3 and 4 steps in cop 2 vesicles forming

A
  1. Sec 23/24 dimer is recruited and further bends the membrane

The sec 24 portion is the primary adaptor protien that recruits protiens to the vesicle by interacting with the ER export signals of the ER membranes protiens

  1. Sec13/31 for an outer structural cage around the vesicle
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8
Q

What is the last (5th) step in cop 2 vesicles forming

A

After the vesicle has fully formed

The disassembly of everything is triggered by hydrolysis of the GTP on SAR 1 to GDP

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9
Q

What are the two major functions of cop 2 protiens

A

Bend the membrane

Select and concentrate protiens to be transported

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10
Q

What are cop 1 coated vesicles

A

They move cargo backward from either

ERGIC/GOLGI to the ER (we resident back to ER)

Or from trans to cis golgi

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11
Q

What is the cop 1 coat made of

A

It’s thick and made of a protien complex called a coatamer

This coatamer makes the thick protien coat on the membrane of the vesicle that’s forming

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12
Q

For cop 1 vesicles what protien bends the membrane to from the vesicle

A

Arf1 G protien

The GTP from of it binds to the membrane

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13
Q

How do the protiens get initiated to go back to the ER for cop 1 transport

A

The protiens that are meant to stay in the ER have a retrieval signal

The soluble ER protiens have the signal lys asp glu leu (KDEL) that’s recognized by the KDEL receptor

The ER membrane protiens have a
Retrieval signal of LYS LYS X X (KKXX)

Each compartment in the endo membrane system has its own retrieval signal

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14
Q

What is the KDEL receptor

A

It collect the soluble protiens to be shuttled between the cis golgi and the ER compartments

It interacts with the cop 1 coat which is on the cytosolic side of the vesicle to actually bring the soluble protiens back to the ER

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15
Q

What is the first step in vesicles fusing to something

A
  1. The vesicles move toward the specific target compartment

This movement is mediated by microtubules and motor protiens

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16
Q

What is the second step in vesicles fusing to something

A
  1. The vesicles are actually tethered to the target compartment through two types of tethering protiens:

A rod shaped fibrous (long) protien

A multiprotein complex (clump, brings closer)

RABS (g protien) is also involved

17
Q

In step 2 of vesicle fusion what does the g protien RABS do

A

G protien RABS help determine specificity in two ways:

It recruited specific tethering protiens to the vesicle

It also interacts with specific motor protiens

18
Q

What is step 3 in vesicle fusion

A

The vesicle are docked (brought to) the membrane of the target compartment

This is done by SNARE protiens the t snare and the V snare which are integral membrane protiens

They interact with each other to form 4 stranded bundles

19
Q

What is the v snare and t snare

A

V snare is put inside the transport Vesicales during their intial budding

T snare is located in the Target membrane

20
Q

What is step 4 of vesicle fusion

A

The vesicle fuses with the target membrane by tsnared and v snared interacting and pulling the lipid bi layer of the vesicles and target membrane together

This causes enough force for them to fuse

21
Q

What things all contribute to the fusion of vesicles

A

RABS
Tethering protiens
SNARES

22
Q

RAB protiens are ____

A

Master regulators of vesicle transport between compartments in cells

23
Q

What are clathrin coated vesicles

A

They move materials from the trans golgi network (very top) to endosomes lysosomes and plant vacuoles

They also do endocytosis

24
Q

When do lysosomes hydrolytic enzymes work best and how is their ph maintained

A

They have at least 50 hydrolytic enzymes and they have optimal activity at low (acidic) ph, ph of the lysosome is 4.6

They are acid hydrolases

The ph is maintained by a proton pump (ex. V type proton atp-ase)

25
Q

What is the first role of lysosomes

A

Break down of material that has been brought into the cell through endocystosis

Example: phagocytic cells (lysosomes) in mammals ingest pathogenic microbes (bacteria)

The bacteria infuses with the lysosome and gets broken down

26
Q

What is the second role of lysosomes

A

Organelle turn over (autophagy)

This is where there is regulated destruction and replacement of the organelles in the cell

27
Q

How does organelle turn over occur

A

The organelle is surrounded by by a double membrane structure called the autophagosome

The autophagosome fuses with a lysosome, this forms an autolysosome

The outer membrane of the auto phagosome becomes part of the lysosome membrane

Then either the material is degraded and take out of cell through exocytosis or retained

28
Q

Staved cell show ________

Why

A

Increased autophagy because they need the energy/nutrients from the degraded material

29
Q

What are lysosomal storage disorders

A

The lysosomal enzymes are defective in degrading which leads to and accumulation of undegraded materials

Example: un degraded sphingolipids

30
Q

What’s an example of a lysosomal storage disorder

A

The ganglioside Gm2 is a major component in the membranes of brain cells

When it can’t be degraded it accumulates I. The lysosomes of brain cells

This leads to tay sachs disease

Biol 331 (18 decks)

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