Review Of The Cell Flashcards
Who proposed the first two principles of cell theory? What year
Schwann 1839
What are the first two principles of cells theory
All organisms are made of one or more cells
The cell is the structural unit of life
What is the third principle of cell theory?
Who proposed it and when
Cell can only come from the division a pre existing cell, only come from other cells
Virchow (1855)
What is the 4th principle of cell theory
When was it made
After dna discovered, 4th theory came
Cells contain genetic info in the form of dna, that info is passed from parent to daughter cell
What are the basic properties of cells
Cells are complex and organized
Contain genetic information
Aquire and use energy from the sun
Carry out different chemical reactions (need enzymes to increase rxn rate)
Involved in mechanical activities (material transport, movement of the cell)
Respond to stimuli (through receptors interacting with environment)
Capable of self regulation (homeostasis)
Cells evolve (from a common ancestral cell, share organelles)
Cells reproduce by ___
Division
What is special about Henrietta lacks
Hela cells (cells that divide infinitely, cancerous) were taken from her in 1950 without consent.
During her tratment for cervical cancer
Prokaryotic cells are in ___
Bacteria
Eukaryotic cells are in
Animals fungi plants protists
What is in common in prokaryotes and eukaryotes cells
Same plasma membrane
Genetic info is in dna
Same transcription/translation mechanism
Same metabolic pathway
….
What are features in eukaryotes that aren’t the same in prokaryotes
…
What is a covalent bond
Chemical bond where electron pairs are shared between 2 atoms
When is an atom most stable
When is outermost electron shell is full
Polar (partial charges) molecules are ____
Non Polar (no partial charges) molecules are ____
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
N and O are more electronegative than H
What is a non covalent bond what are the types of non covalent bonds
Weak chemical attraction that comes from oppositely charges regions of atoms
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
Van Der Waals
What is an ionic bond
What causes them to become weaker
Electrostatic interaction between positive and negative charged atoms
Weak in cellular environments (watery) since ions react with water instead of each other
What is a hydrogen bond
Electrostatic interaction between H atom that is covalently bonded to a more electronegative atom
And a second electronegative atom
What are van der waals interactions
Weak attractive force due to random distribution of charges in atoms or molecules
What is the hydrophobic effect
What does it do
The tendency of non polar molecules to aggregate together the minimize their interactions with polar water molecules around them
This is the basis for forming lipid bilayer membranes
Memorize carbonyl phosphate and sulfhydryl groups
Ok
To identify the amino acids and to see if something is polar or non polar, look at the side chains
What are the polar uncharged amino acids
Serine
Threonine
Glutamine
Aspargine
Tyrosine
Cysteine
What are the polar charged amino acids
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
Lysine (positively charged)
Arginine
Histidine
What are the nonpolar amino acids
Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Proline
