Types of Ventilators

Question 1

Assist-Control Ventilation (ACV)

Answer 1

Ventilator delivers a preset Vt at preset frequency

Gives patient some control in breathing while assisting them

Question 2

Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV)

Answer 2

Delivers preset Vt at preset frequency with synchronization of patient’s spontaneous breathing.
Patient can breathe spontaneously
Used for weaning and continuous ventilation.

Question 3

Pressured Support Ventilation (PSV)

Answer 3

Delivers positive pressure once patient starts to breathe (inspiration).
Used for continuous ventilation and weaning

Question 4

Pressure Controlled Ventilation (PCV)

Answer 4

gives pressure-limited breath delivered at set rate.

It allows for spontaneous breathing

Question 5

Pressure Control Inverse Ratio Ventilation (PC-IRV)

Answer 5

Combines PCV with Inspiration/Expiration (I/E) Ratio
Most starts with a 1/1 ratio and changes with each client. It allows for increase in inspiratory time to expand collapse alveoli.
Used for ARDS and continuous hypoxemia

Question 6

Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV)

Answer 6

Patient can breathe any time during respiratory cycle but need the help of a CPAP to maintain appropriate amount of high pressure for a short time.
CPAP and time needs to be patient-specific

Question 7

Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)

Answer 7

Positive pressure is applied during the expiration phase.
It increases lung volume, functional residual capacity (FRC) and oxygenation of the lungs.
FIO2 can be reduced
Pressure falls between 3-20 cm H2O.

Question 8

Automatic Tube Compensation (ATC)

Answer 8

Support system designed to overcome WOB through artificial airway.
Increases inspiration and decreases expiration

Question 9

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV)

Answer 9

Gives small Vt at rapid RR.
Recruit and maintain lung volume and reduce intrapulmonary shunting.
Patients needs to be sedated and paralyzed.

Question 10

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)

Answer 10

Alternative form of pulmonary support for patient with severe respiratory failure.
Removes blood from patient, infuse O2, remove waste and put the blood back to patient
Requires systemic anticoagulation and time-limited intervention
Needs a specialists

Question 11

What is the mechanism for negative pressure ventilation?

Answer 11

The ventilator pulls the chest wall outwards and reduces intrathoracic pressure. It allows for passive expiration.

Question 12

What is the mechanism for positive pressure ventilation (PPV)?

Answer 12

It utilizes volume ventilation (Vt) and pressure ventilation.
Ventilator pushes air into lungs during inspiration. and raises intrathoracic pressure.