Types of vaccines Flashcards
What are the types of vaccines?
attenuated
inactivated
toxoid
What is a attenuated vaccine?
Weakened form of disease causing agent
still can cause full blown disease in people with weakened immune system
best working vaccine
What is an inactivated vaccine?
Inactivated form of disease causing agent
not as good as attenuated but will not cause pathology of disease, still can release the virus to other patients
What is a toxoid vaccine?
inactivated toxin.
cant cause disease but can stimulate immune response
What determines when can a person receive a toxin?
age
some vaccines don’t work in very young
maternal Abs can inhibit response
“feedback mechanism”
Immunosuppressed
must determine “level”
severely immunosuppressed can have pathogenic responses to attenuated vaccines
Which vaccine persist longer in body?
Attenuated
since it is a living organism
Attenuated dont need boodters
What are the problems with attenuated vaccines?
revert to pathogenic strain
may cause disease in immunosuppressed
What part of the immune system does attenuated vaccines cause?
both CMI and humoral immunity
How are inactivated vaccines given?
chemical
irradiation
multiple boosters are required
doesn’t stay in the body long
Ags may be altered
What part of the immune system does inactivated vaccines activate?
primarily a B cell response
What are problems with inactivated vaccines?
mistakes in preparation (rare!)
if microbe not killed, can cause disease
seen in early Salk polio vaccines
What are purified inactivated toxins?
inactivated toxins (toxoids)
bacterial capsular polysaccharides
capsule is anti-phagocytic
Abs binding to capsule allows Mφ recognition
What type of immune response does purified molecules elicit?
may get B cell activation without T cell help
TI-2
IgM antibodies with little to no memory response
conjugate Ag to protein carrier (hapten-carrier effect)
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide linked to tetanus toxoid (protein)
