Types Of Skin Cancer

Question 1

Types of skin cancer

Answer 1

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Merkel cell carcinoma
Metastases

Question 2

Non melanomas epidemiology

Answer 2

Highest 90+
Makes 88,500 white females 67,500 (2016-18)
Increased by 169% since 90s
To ride another 14% by 2038-40
80% BCC, SCC are < common

Question 3

Non melanomas survival

Answer 3

920 deaths UK ye
<1% of cancer deaths
3/4 deaths are in adults 75+

Question 4

Melanoma- epidemiology and mortality

Answer 4

5th most common females
6th for men
85-89 incidence higher
Rates projected to rise 9% by 2038-2040
Females lower limbs
Makes trunk
Higher in white ethnic groups

Question 5

Aetiology (increased risk)

Answer 5

Solar radiation
UV emitting tanning
Cyclosporine
Soot
Mineral and shale oils
XRadiation, gamma radiation
Cool tar pitch and distillation

Question 6

Aetiology- non melanomas

Answer 6

Older age leads to more dna damage exposure from sun/sun beds
Red hair blue eyes 2x more likely
BCC risk 60% higher those with moles
57% higher in those with freckles as a child
SCC risk increased with fam history
Immunodeficiencies
Radiation.

Question 7

Diagnosis

Answer 7

Attend GP
Referral to dermatologist
Dermoscopy
Biopsy (excisional, punch, shave)
Lymph node biopsy
CT or MRI scan

Question 8

Biopsies

Answer 8

Incisional (small section)
Excisional (whole area removed)
Punch (small circle of skin removed)
Shave (shave off top layer of skin)

Question 9

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer 9

BasL cell later of epidermis- rare in hair free sites
Tends to occur on areas exposed to sun
Presents clinically as (nodules, superficial, morphoeic, pigmented, ulcerated)

Question 10

nodular

Answer 10

Nodular bcc present as slow growing pearly nodule that may ulcerate
May be cystic sometimes possible to express fluid
Arise on face (forehead, temples, nose and upper lip)

Question 11

Superficial

Answer 11

Presents as 1 or more, slow growing
Dry and scaly often crusted
Can arise on trunk and limbs
May be confused with dermatitis/ psoariasis

Question 12

Morphoeic

Answer 12

Hard to identify
Scar like plaque or dent and deeply invasive
Often found midface

Question 13

Pigmented

Answer 13

BCC May appear similar to seborrhoeic keratosis or melanoma
May be nodular or superficial in type
Dermoscopy for clinical diagnosis