Types of Radiation Flashcards
What is EMR?
Electromagnetic Radiation
What is primary with the production of x-ray?
EM - Electromagnetic energy
EMR energy is measured in what?
eV - electron volts
1000 eV = what?
1 kiloelectron volt (KeV)
EMR frequency is measured in what?
Hertz (Hz)
EMR wavelength is measured in what?
Meters (M)
X-ray has a ______ wavelength.
Very short
X-ray has a ______ frequency.
high
The rise and fall of a sine wave is called?
frequency
Form one peak to the next peak (or any like point) is called?
A cycle
The distance from one peak of the wave to the next peak is called?
wavelength
All EMR travel at what?
The speed of light
EMR have no _____ and travel in _____ called ______.
Mass
Bundles
Photons/quanta
Photons travel in what form?
wavelength
Photons have varying _____ and _____.
Wavelength
frequencies
Photons/EMR lose intensity with what?
Increase in distance
EMR/Photons are _______ or ________ depending on the ________.
Ionizing or nonionizing
wavelength
Ionizing radiation has enough energy to “knock out” what?
electrons
What must be done to remove and electron? It causes what?
Binding forces must be overcome
imbalance
Ionizing radiation has a _____ wavelength and ____ frequency
Very short
high
Wavelength and frequency are ________ related.
inversely
A short wavelength and high frequency has what?
High energy
What are two examples of EMR (short wavelength)?
X-ray
Gamma ray
Nonionizing radiation does not have the energy to do what?
Remove electrons
Nonionizing radiation has a _____ wavelength and a _____ frequency
Long
lower
Examples of nonionizing EMR (long wavelength) are:
Visible light
Infrared and ultraviolet light
Radio, TV, microwaves, and heat
What other radiation that is not on the electromagnetic but is ionizing?
particle radiation
Particle radiation comes from what?
Decay of radioactive atom’s nucleus
What types of particle radiation are there? Are they both ionizing?
Alpha and beta
yes
Particle radiation is ____ penetrating than an x-ray.
less
Particle radiation is more or less harmful than x-ray?
more
Radon gas produces what type of particle radiation?
alpha
How is radon gas harmful?
When inhaled
Measuring ionizing radiation is called?
dosimetry
Dosimetry is performed by what?
A dosimeter
What measures ionizing radiation in the air and is used to determine intensity of gamma and x-ray?
Roentgen (or Coulombs/kg - SI UNIT)
What is rad?
Radiation absorbed dose?
What is the SI Unit for RAD?
Gray (Gy)
This measures the amount of radiation in the tissue?
Radiation absorbed dose (rad)/ Gray (Gy)
1/1000th of a rad is a
millirad
Used mostly for the biological effects of radiation to specific organs and tissues.
rad
What is “rem”?
Radiation equivalent man (mammal)
What is the SI unit for rem?
Sievert (Sv)
This is used for radiation detection in reporting exposure.
rem
1/1000th of a rem is what?
A millirem
100 mrem = what?
1 mSv
100 rem = what?
1 Sv
What is a type of dosimeter worn on clothing?
Film badge
What measures the biological affect from delayed exposure?
rem or Sv
What are the equal measures in US measurements?
1 R = 1 rad = 1 rem
What are the equal measures in SI units?
1 C/kg = 1 Gy = 1 Sv
What measures the quantity of radioactive material such as uranium?
Curie (Ci)
Altogether the average person gets _____ each year.
360 mrads
What 3 types of natural radiation are there?
Cosmic
Terrestrial (External terrestrial)
Internal
Natural radiation makes up what percentage of our yearly exposure?
82%
Cosmic radiation comes from what?
Sun and stars
Cosmic radiation increases where?
Higher altitudes
The farther the latitude from the equator
Terrestrial comes from what?
Soil, rocks and mountains
bricks, wallboard, and cement made from above
What comes from the decay of uranium?
Radon gas
Radon gas is what percentage of our natural exposure?
55%
Most internal radiation comes from what?
Ingestion of water and food
What are the natural radioactive substances found in living tissue?
nuclides
Man made radiation makes up what percentage of our yearly dose?
18%
What is the larges source of manmade radiation?
Diagnostic x-ray
What type of man made radiation is used for scanning procedures for diagnosis and therapeutic radiation?
Nuclear medicine
What are the 4 types of man made radiation?
Diagnostic x-ray
Nuclear medicine
Consumer products
Nuclear testing/reactors
