types of practice

Question 1

whole practice

Answer 1

performing a skill in its entirety
e.g. cycling

advantages:
specific image
positive transfer between training and real life

disadvantages:
place demands
hard for beginners
leads to fatigue

Question 2

whole-part-whole practice

Answer 2

performed as a whole to get an idea of the movement and then isolated for improvement
e.g. tennis serve, front crawl

advantages:
immediate feedback

disadvantages:
not suitable for highly organised skills

Question 3

progressive part practice (chaining)

Answer 3

taught and added in sequence
e.g. gymnastic routines

advantages:
reduces fatigue
brings success so restores motivation
focus on specifics

disadvantages:
time consuming
danger of negative transfer

Question 4

massed practice

Answer 4

practicing skill continuously without any rest intervals

advantages:
promotes fitness
motor programmes stored more easily
efficient use of time

disadvantages:
fatigue
high demands
demotivating

Question 5

distributed practice

Answer 5

practice sessions have rest intervals allowing time for mental and physical recovery

advantages:
takes pressure off performer
allows time for feedback
controlled progress- good for beginners

disadvantages:
time consuming

Question 6

variable practice

Answer 6

skill practiced in many environments

advantages:
adapt skill to environments
good for open skills
builds sub routines

disadvantages:
time consuming
negative transfer may occur
fatigue
motor programmes need to be fixed first

Question 7

mental practice

Answer 7

movement in mind

advantages:
improved confidence
develops cognitive ability
improved decision making

disadvantages:
must be correct
calm environment needed