Types of plate boundaries Flashcards
What happens at a DIVERGENT plate boundary?
Two plates are moving away from each other.
What landforms are present at an oceanic vs oceanic divergent plate boundary?
- Mid Ocean Ridge
- Island/volcanic arcs
What hazards occur at an oceanic vs oceanic divergent plate boundary?
- Effusive volcanoes
- Shallow, low magnitude earthquake occur frequently
What landforms are present at a continental vs continental divergent plate boundary?
-Rift Valley
How are rift valleys formed?
- Crust stretches and breaks into two sets of parallel faults
- Land between faults collapse and form the valley.
What hazards are present at a continental vs continental divergent plate boundary?
Shallow, low magnitude earthquakes.
What happens at an oceanic vs continental CONVERGENT plate boundary?
- Two plates move towards each other
- Thinner, denser oceanic plate is subducted beneath continental plate
- Plates get put into a locked fault.
What landforms are present at an oceanic vs continental convergent plate boundary?
- Deep ocean trench
- Fold mountains
- Volcanoes
What hazards are present at an oceanic vs continental convergent plate boundary?
- Explosive volcanic eruptions
- High magnitude earthquakes occur a long Benioff Zone
Why do volcanoes form at an oceanic vs continental convergent plate boundary?
Magma created from melting oceanic plate pushed up through faults in continental crust to reach surface.
What happens at an oceanic vs oceanic CONVERGENT plate boundary?
The denser or faster oceanic plates subducts below the other.
What landforms are present at an oceanic vs oceanic convergent plate boundary?
- Deep ocean trench
- Underwater volcano
What hazards are present at an oceanic vs oceanic convergent plate boundary?
- Effusive volcanic eruptions
- Low or high magnitude earthquakes occur a long the Benioff zone.
What happens at a continental vs continental CONVERGENT plate boundary?
Plates collide and sediments between them are crumpled and forced up.
Why doesn’t one plate subduct at a continental vs continental convergent plate boundary?
Both plates are the same density and are less dense than the asthenosphere.
What landforms are present at a continental vs continental convergent plate boundary?
- High plateau (high, flat land)
- Fold mountain range
What hazards are present at a continental vs continental convergent plate boundary?
Shallow, high magnitude earthquakes.
What happens at a CONSERVATIVE plate boundary?
Two plates are sliding past each other, parallel to one another.
What hazards are present at a conservative plate boundary?
High magnitude, shallow earthquakes.
What is the global distribution of earthquakes?
- Oceanic fracture zones
- Continental fracture zones
- In continental interiors, a long old fault lines
What is the global distribution of volcanoes?
- Majority occur a long plate boundaries (depends on which type)
- Form on Hot Spots
What is a hotspot volcano?
- Occur in areas where the earth’s crust is thinner.
- Magma rises from mantle and burns through the plate
What are the layers of the earth?
Inner Core: Solid, Temp up to 5500c, Made up of Iron and Nickel, 1220km thick
Outer Core: Liquid, Made up of iron and nickel, 2200km thick, Temp from 4500c to 5500c
Mantle: Thicket section of Earth (2900km), Made up of semi-molten rock, called magma. Temp from 1000c to 3700c
Crust: Solid rocks and minerals, Solid, 5km-10km thick, Temp from 200c-400*c
What was James Hutton’s plate theory?
The processes of erosion, deposition and uplift were connected and operated continuously- driven by the Earth’s internal heat.
