types of nationalism Flashcards
what are the types of nationalism
liberal nationalism conservative nationalism(traditional form) radical nationalism post colonial nationalism black nationalism
where does the earliest form of modern nationalism come from (liberal nationalism)
enlightenment
development of natural rights theory
liberalism
what led nationalist to believe the nation state was the ultimate expression of rational government (liberal nationalism)
stress on rational thinking+right of individuals to determine own free will
if individuals had to sacrifice their rights to give to governments, how was this supposed to be achieved (liberal nationalism)
consent and not force
where were the ideas of self determination and government by consent first seen (liberal nationalism)
establishment of USA 1787
1st French republic 1791
when did liberal nationalism reach its ultimate expression (liberal nationalism)
the fourteen point peace plan
President Wilson 1918
what did president Wilson’s peace plan insist (liberal nationalism)
all recognised nations entitled to self govern
what are the principles of liberal nationalism
1) recognisable nations can form a state
2) nation state must be based on self determination
3) each state recognise recognise rights of others+don’t interfere wi their national affairs
4) nation states have equal status
what were liberal nationalists supporters of
democratic gov
respect rights
abolition of monarchy
where does liberal nationalism flourish
countries that are part of a larger states
want to be free+independent
give example of where liberal nationalism flourishes
scotland
wales
NI (1/3 population nationalists)
civic nationalism (liberal nationalism)
shared national pride in values of nation
liberal democracies=tolerance,liberty,equality
what is expected of new arrivals to a country (liberal nationalism)
adopt same pride+identity
what do liberal nationalists think about relationship between nations
one shouldn’t interfere with value system of another
all nation equal right to sovereignty
what idea is closely linked with liberal nationalism
liberal internationalism
each nation should respect values of the others
why were conservative nationalist suspicious of liberal nationalists
thought it’d lead to destruction of authority
church+monarchy
politicians who adopted conservative nationalism saw it as a way to do what?
further interests of the state
give an example of a conservative nationalist statesmen
Bismarck (1815-98)
prussian nationalism=people could unite
what two nationalist goals did Bismarck want to pursue (conservative nationalist)
volkgeist (spirit that binds people)
take over european continent
aka; ‘iron and blood’
why was Garibaldi a conservative nationalist
wanted liberation as well as defensiveness
give an example of a key convservative nationalist today
Vladimir Putin
unity from remains of SU
pursue nationalist interest around boaders+wider world
ideology based on collective will of people
why does Putin obsess with showing strong leadership (conservative nationalism)
inspires people to put self interest aside
work for the homeland
what can conservative nationalism turn itself into
imperialism+colonialism
when did imperialism+colonialism reach its height (conservative nationalism)
19th century
Britain, France, Spain created overseas empires when governed by con nationalists
at the height of imperialism how was nationalist identity expressed (conservative nationalism)
through colonialism
what outlawed colonialism (conservative nationalism)
united nations 1945
what is the 20th century ‘corrupt’ form of conservative nationalism known as
facism (radical nationalism)
fascism
advocated complete subjugation of individual to will of governing party of state
if people challenged the will of leader what were they (radical nationalism)
traitors to the people
where does fascism place power (radical nationalism)
power+will of political state above nation
how do fascists see the nation (radical nationalism)
servant to the state
what is anti colonial+post colonial nationalism
movements during colonial period or ones after which dominated political agenda
underpinned by political traditions
give examples of anti-colonial leaders
Mahatma Ghandi India
Ho Chi Mi Vietnam
why did post colonial areas adopt a strong political identities (anti colonial+post colonial nationalism)
originally artificial so lack of national distinctiveness
what are the three main political traditions post colonial states adopted
- marxism/socialism+post colonial nationalism
- religion
- leadership cults
why is marxism socialism + nationalism an unsual combination (post colonial nationalism)
marxist opposes any consciousness (e.g religion) takes away from socialist consciousness
but nationalist leaders been supported by communist regimes
why did post colonial leaders adopts socialists policies
stop economic imperialism of international corporations (outsiders see developing states investment opportunities)
give an example of post colonial nationalist heroes
Mugabe Zimbabwe
Castro Cuba
even though Cuba wasn’t a colonial state in 1959, why is Castro still seen as a hero (post colonial nationalism)
overthrew Batista Regime (tool of US economic imperialism)
which countries have adopted a form of religious nationalism (post colonial nationalism)
Islamic countries
led to concept ‘Islamic state’
concept of ‘Islamic State’ (post colonial nationalism)
nationalism allied wi Islamic values+law
national identity can’t be achieved without religion to underpin it
give an example of an Islamic state leader
Muammar Gaddafi
1942-2011
why have leadership cults developed in post colonial sates
difficult to establish a national identity and democracy
leadership cult (post colonial nationalism)
ruler seek to create national identity by force
leader embodies ‘spirit of nation’
give examples of a leadership cult
Idi Amin -president of Uganda
Kenneth Kaunda Zambia-banned opposition parties
Africa’s longest serving absolute ruler
four forms of expansionist nationalism
imperialism pan-nationalism militarism chauvinism racial conquest
imperialism (expansionist nationalism)
associated with con nationalism in 19th century
pan nationalism (expansionist nationalism)
unite people spread across states e.g pan arabism
militarism (expansionist nationalism)
strong military capability
prepared to use aggressively- defend/promote national interests
Chauvinism (expansionist nationalism)
exaggerated patriotism+national pride
one nation superior to others
racial conquest (expansionist nationalism)
racist nationalist think own race is superior
think entitled to territory occupied by different racial group
conservative nationalism is expansionist in nature? YES
used imperialism+ militarism
conservative nationalism is expansionist in nature? NO
nativism is isolationist
respect independence of other nations
exapansionist nationalism largely historical
globalisation replace nationalist expansion
who introduced black nationalism
Marcus Garvey
what is black nationalism
looks at common ancestry +foster sense of nationalism between black peoples
what did Malcolm X create in 1960s USA (black nationalism)
black nationalist movement
combine-islamic principles+racial identity
what was Malcolm X’s idea called (black nationalism)
Nation of Islam
he saw black race as superior to white
movement threatened to takeover
overtaken by liberal movement-equality
