Types of MSD’s, Lesion Location, Impairment

Question 1

Flaccid Dysarthria Lesion Location

Answer 1

Lower Motor Neuron

Question 2

Flaccid Dysarthria Impairment

Answer 2

Weakness- no muscle contractions

Question 3

Flaccid Dysarthria is the only type of MSD that is in the …

Answer 3

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 4

Spastic Dysarthria Lesion Location

Answer 4

Bilateral (2 sides) Upper Motor Neuron

Question 5

Hypokinetic Dysarthria Impairment

Answer 5

Rigidity and reduced range of movement

Question 6

Spastic Dysarthria Impairment

Answer 6

Spasticity- too much muscle contraction

Question 7

Ataxic Dysarthria Lesion Location

Answer 7

Cerebellum

Question 8

Ataxic Dysarthria Impairment

Answer 8

Incoordination

Question 9

Hypokinetic Dysarthria Lesion Location

Answer 9

Basal Ganglia

Question 10

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria Lesion Location

Answer 10

Basal Ganglia

Question 11

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria Impairment

Answer 11

Abnormal Movements

Question 12

Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron Dysarthria Lesion Location

Answer 12

Unilateral (1 side) Upper Motor Neuron- most commonly due to stroke

Question 13

Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron Dysarthria Impairment

Answer 13

Weakness, Incoordination, or spasticity- depends on the lesion location

Question 14

Apraxia of Speech Lesion Location

Answer 14

Left Dominant Hemisphere

Question 15

Apraxia of Speech Impairment

Answer 15

Motor Planning or Programming

Question 16

Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron Salient Features

Answer 16

Mild articulatory imprecision

Question 17

Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron Confirmatory Signs

Answer 17

Hemiparesis
Unilateral weakness of lower face

Question 18

Spastic Dysarthria Salient Features

Answer 18

Strained-strangled voice
Slow rate

Question 19

Spastic Dysarthria Confirmatory Signs

Answer 19

Hypertonicity
Exaggerated reflexes
Pseudobulbar state

Question 20

Flaccid Dysarthria Salient Features

Answer 20

Hypernasality
Continuous breathy voice
Nasal emission
Audible inspirations

Question 21

Flaccid Dysarthria Confirmatory Signs

Answer 21

Hypotinicity
Diminished reflexes
Facisculations

Question 22

Ataxic Dysarthria Salient Features

Answer 22

Inconsistent consonant misarticulation
Excess, equal stress
Irregular articulatory breakdown
Irregular, excessive loudness variability
Excessive rate variability

Question 23

Ataxic Dysarthria Confirmatory Signs

Answer 23

Dysmetria

Question 24

Hypokinetic Dysarthria Salient Features

Answer 24

Monopitch
Reduced loudness
Monoloudness
Blurring of consonant distinctions
Short rushes of speech

Question 25

Hypokinetic Dysarthria Confirmatory Signs

Answer 25

Masked facies
Short, shuffling gait

Question 26

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria Salient Features

Answer 26

Prolonged intervals between phonemes
Abnormal silent intervals
Irregular articulatory breakdown
Prolonged phonemes
Excess loudness variation

Question 27

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria Confirmatory Signs

Answer 27

Involuntary movements

Question 28

Apraxia of Speech Salient Features

Answer 28

Articulatory groping
Distorted substitutions
Automatic easier than volitional speech
Inconsistent articulatory errors
Increased errors with increase length and complexity

Question 29

Apraxia of Speech Confirmatory Signs

Answer 29

Nonverbal oral apraxia
Limb apraxia