Definitions Flashcards
Abnormal Pitch
Pitch is consistently too low or too high for age and sex
Pitch Breaks
Pitch shows sudden and uncontrolled variation
Monopitch
Voice is characterized by monopitch or monotone. Voice lacks normal pitch variation
Voice Tremor
Voice shows fairly regular tremor, usually in 4-7 Hz range
Monoloudness
Voice shows monotony of loudness. It lacks normal variations in loudness
Excess Loudness Variation
Voice shows sudden, uncontrolled alterations in loudness, sometimes becoming too loud, sometimes too quiet
Loudness Decay
Progressive diminution or decay of loudness within an utterance
Alternating Loudness
Alternating changes in loudness within an utterance
Loudness Level (overall)
Voice is up sufficiently or excessively loud
Harsh Voice
Voice is harsh, rough, and raspy
Hoarse (wet) Voice
There is wet, “liquid sounds” hoarseness
Breathy Voice, or Breathiness (continuous)
Voice is continuously breathy
Breathy Voice, or Breathiness (transient)
Breathiness is transient or itermittent
Strained (strained-strangled) Voice
Voice quality sounds strained or strangled (an apparently effortful squeezing of voice through glottis)
Voice Stoppages (interruptions/arrests)
There are sudden stoppages of voice, as if airflow has been impeded
Hypernasality
Resonance is excessively nasally
Hyponasality
Resonance is hyponasal/denasal
Nasal Emission
There is nasal emission of air during speech, sometimes audible
Forces Inspiration-Expiration
Speech is interrupted by sudden inspiration or expiration
Audible Inspiration
Audible, breathy inspiration
Grunt at End of Expiration
There is a grunt at the end of expiration during speech
Rate, slow or fast
A rate of speech that is abnormally slow or rapid
Short Phrases
Phrases are short, possibly because inspirations occur more often than normal. It sounds as if the speaker has run out of air. Often associated with reduced maximum vowel duration
Increased Rate in Segments (accelerated rate)
Rate increases progressively within given segments of connected speech
Increased Rate of Overall (rapid rate)
Rate increases progressively from beginning to end of sample
Reduced Stress
Speech shows reduction of proper stress or emphasis patterns
Variable Rate
Rate varies within or across utterances
Prolonged Intervals
There is prolongation of inter word or intersyllable intervals
Inappropriate Silences
There are inappropriate silent intervals
Short Rushes of Speech
There are short, rapid rushes of speech separated by pauses
Excess and Equal Stress
There is excess stress on usually unstressed syllables or parts of speech
Imprecise Consonants/Articulation
Consonants lack precision. They show inadequate sharpness, distortions, and lack crispness
Prolonged Phonemes
Phonemes are prolonged
Repeated Phonemes or Syllables
There are slow or rapid repetitions of phonemes
Irregular Articulatory Breakdowns
There are intermittent, no systematic breakdowns in articulatory precision
Distorted Vowels
Vowels are distorted in their phonetic accuracy
Diplophonia
Simultaneous perception of two different pitches
Vocal Flutter
Rapid, relatively low-amplitude voice tremor or tremulousness (perceived as in the 7-12 Hz range), usually most apparent during vowel prolongation
Reduced Maximum Vowel Duration
Maximum vowel duration is reduced, often reflecting respiratory and/or laryngeal weakness
Inhalatory Stridor
Similar to audible inspiration but characterized by actual rough phonation due to vocal fold approximation and oscillation during inhalation
Palatal-Pharyngeal-Laryngeal Myoclonus/Slow Tremor
1-4 Hz rhythmic tremor-like “beats” in the voice, sometimes sufficient to cause brief voice arrests, usually heard only during vowel prolongation
Weak (sometimes nasalized) pressure consonants
Pressure consonants lack acoustic distinctiveness or are weak because of excessive nasal airflow or incomplete articulatory contacts during their production; may have a nasal quality
Slow AMR’s or Fast AMR’s
Speech AMR’s are slow or fast
Irregular AMR’s
Speech AMR’s are irregular in duration, pitch, or loudness
Galloping AMR’s
AMR’s produced with a recurring, rhythmic cadence
Vocal Tics (involuntary noises/sounds)
Repetitive, rapid, apparently involuntary noises or sounds (i.e., throat clearing, lip smacking, grunting) produced in isolation or during voluntary speech
Palilalia
Compulsive repetition of words or phrases, usually in a context of accelerating rate and decreasing loudness
Coprolalia
Involuntary, compulsive, repetitive obscene language or swearing, uttered loudly, softly, or incompletely
Distorted Substitutions
Sound substitutions that are also distorted (i.e., imprecise, poorly distinguished voicing features, abnormal resonance)
Distorted Additions
Sound additions that are also distorted
Distorted Articulatory Groping
Audible or visible groping for articulatory postures in which sounds are distorted or movements are awkward or slow
Syllable Segmentation
Syllables in multisyllablic utterances are segmented from one another, as if produced as separate, not coarticulated units
Increased Errors with Increased Rate
Distorted substitutions, additions, or groping increase as utterance length or complexity increases
Poorly Produced SMR’s
SMR’s are characterized by distorted substitutions, additions, repetitions, or groping; any sequencing errors are distorted; rate is usually slower than AMR’s
