Types of LTM (Tulving)

Question 1

Types

Answer 1

Procedural, Episodic, Semantic

Question 2

Procedural

Answer 2

Skills and how we do things. Unconsciously recall.

Question 3

Episodic

Answer 3

Recall events from our lives. Time-stamped: remember when they happened. Includes people and places in one episode. Conscious recall with effort.

Question 4

Semantic

Answer 4

Knowledge of the world. Not time-stamped: don’t remember when we learnt that thing. Conscious recall

Question 5

Strength

Answer 5

Clinical Evidence. Henry Molaison and Clive Wearing got amnesia. Procedural memory wasn’t damaged for both and Clive still knew how to play piano. Semantic wasn’t damaged. Episodic was damaged: can’t recall what happened half an hour earlier. Strength as one store could be damaged while the rest was unaffected.

Question 6

Strength

Answer 6

Neuroimaging evidence. Tulving got people to perform various memory tasks while brains was scanned using PET scanner. Found that episodic was recalled from right prefrontal cortex and semantic was recalled from left of that. Different stores stored in different parts of brain.

Question 7

Strength

Answer 7

Real life application. Belleville et all said that episodic memories could be improved in older people who have a mild cognitive impairment. Episode memory is the one most affected by mild cognitive impairment. Strength as it enables specific treatments to be developed.

Question 8

Weakness

Answer 8

2 or 3 types of LTM? Cohen and Squire said that episodic and semantic could be 1 LTM called declarative (conscious) and procedural called non-declarative (unconscious).