Types Of LTM And Encoding

Question 1

What is 𝗘𝗻𝗰𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴?

Answer 1

Encoding is the way information is changed so it can be stored in memory.

Question 2

What are the 3 ways information is stored in the brain?

Answer 2

• Visual - Sensory register and short term.
• Acoustic - short term
• Semantic - Long term

Question 3

What is Explicit encoding?

Answer 3

Information that you can put into words. These have to be consciously thought about to be recalled. Often formed through several combined memories. Include semantic and episodic memories.

Question 4

What is Implicit Encoding.

Answer 4

This is more difficult to be put into words. Can be recalled without conscious thought e.g. riding a bike.
Include procedural memories.

Question 5

What is Episodic Memory and where is it stored?

Answer 5

• Personal experiences (e.g. first crush), these are time stamped. Conscious effort to recall strength of memory is influenced by emotion.
• Stored in Right Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus.

Question 6

What is Semantic memories and where is it stored?

Answer 6

• Factual knowledge an individual has learned (e.g. maths equations). Not time stamped. Linked to episodic and new knowledge linked to experiences.
• Stored in Hippocampus and Left Prefrontal Cortex.

Question 7

What is Procedural Memory and where is it stored?

Answer 7

• It is concerned with learning motor skills, without conscious effect, e.g. riding a bike.
• Stored in Motor Cortex and prefrontal cortex as associated with procedural LTM and aid in memory of how to walk.

Question 8

What is some supporting clinical evidence for memory stores?

Answer 8

• HM/CV (Henry Molaison who had parts of brain removed and Clive Wearing suffered brain damage) case study.
• Episodic memory was severely impaired as a consequence of amnesia. They had difficulty recording events that had happened in the past.
• semantic memory was unaffected - understood meaning of words.
• procedural memory unaffected - could walk tie shoelaces ect.
• shows different memory stores.

Question 9

What is refuting research for memory stores?

Answer 9

Can’t generalise findings to whole population. Very unique.

Question 10

Supporting evidence - real life applications.

Answer 10

• Specific treatments to help with episodic memory impairment developed.