Models Of Memory

Question 1

What does the multi-store model consist of?

Answer 1

Consists of 3 stores,
- Sensory register,
- Short-term memory store,
- Long-term store.

Question 2

Draw the Multi-Store Model.

Answer 2

Sensory input—>Sensory register—Attention—>Short-term Memory—Rehearsal—>Long-Term Memory
\—>Spontaneous \—>Rehearsal/Forgetting \—>Forgetting
Decay

Question 3

Supporting evidence of Multi-Store Model

Answer 3

• Primacy Effect - research shows participants able to recall first items in list better than items in the middle. Items have been rehearsed more and transferred to LTM, supporting Multi Store Model.
• Recency Effect - Participants also able to recall last few items better than in the middle. STM has limited capacity (about 7 items) and therefore only last can be recalled, supporting Multi-Memory Store.

Question 4

Limitations of Multi-Store Model

Answer 4

• In Model info transferred from STM to LTM through rehearsal.
• However in real life information can go into LTM without rehearsal.
• Some info can’t be rehearsed e.g. smells and still go into LTM
• Oversimplified.
• Assumes only 1 LTM store and 1 STM store, however shown through patients with amnesia many different stores.

Question 5

Draw the Working Memory Model

Answer 5

CGP book
P18

Question 6

What is central executive?

Answer 6

Controls the system.
Directs attention/focus to relevant tasks.
Coordinates the other systems.
Limited capacity - data arrives from senses but can’t hold for long.

Question 7

What is Phonological loop?

Answer 7

• Limited Capacity.
• Deals with auditory information.
• Composed of phonological store (inner ear) and articulatory process (inner voice, rehearses info by repetition).

Question 8

What is Visio-Spatial Sketchpad?

Answer 8

• Limited capacity.
• Deals with temporal storage of visual and spatial (relationship between things) information.

Question 9

What is Episodic Buffer?

Answer 9

-Added later in 2000.
- limited capacity.
- integrates all info from other stores and LTM to make complete scenes (‘episodes’)

Question 10

Who developed the Working Memory Model?

Answer 10

Baddeley and Hitch (1974)

Question 11

Strengths of Working Memory Model

Answer 11

• KF, a brain damaged patient, had problems with recall of words presented verbally but not with visual info. Suggested had damaged phonological loop (holds speech based info) but intact Visio-spatial sketchpad (holds visual info) explaining his amnesia. Provides evidence for Working Memory Model.
• experiment in which participants split into 2 groups.
  Both groups had follow a moving spot of light (visuo-spatial sketchpad) but at the same time one group had to describe the angles on a letter (visuo-spatial sketchpad) whereas the other group given a task that uses phonological loop, verbal tasks.
  Found grou that used different stored performed better providing evidence.