Types Of LTM

Question 1

What are the 3 types of LTM?

Answer 1

Episodic
Semantic
Procedural

Question 2

What is episodic memory?

Answer 2

PERSONAL memories
Time stamped
Require a conscious effort to recall
Declarative (able to discuss them)

Question 3

Semantic memory?

Answer 3

General knowledge/ facts
- not time stamped
- requires conscious effort to recall
-Declarative

Eg, general knowledge quiz

Question 4

What is Procedural memory?

Answer 4

The ability to perform motor tasks
- MUSCLE MEMORY
- more practice/ rehearsal transfers it to your LTM.
- doesnt require conscious effort to recall
- non declarative

Question 5

What is one supporting study for LTM ( clive)

Answer 5

Clive wearing was a british musician who suffered severe brain infection, leading to damage to his hippocampus.

Question 6

What is the hippocampus useful for?

Answer 6

Forming new memories

Question 7

How does his case highlight the distinction between STM and LTM and the different types of LTM?

Answer 7

Even after damage, his procedural memory was still intact supporting the claim that there are more than one LTM store and each type is stored in a different part of the brain.

Question 8

How do brain scans support LTM?

Answer 8

They use/ scan 3 different regions of the brain so showing there must be 3 DIFFERENT STORES. Different tasks use different parts of the brain/ LTM.

Question 9

Where are each of the LTM located in the brain?

Answer 9

Episodic= right pre frontal cortex
Semantic= left pre frontal cortex
Procedural= cerebellum

Question 10

Evaluating research : STRENGTH OF LTM THEORY

Answer 10

P- a strength of the theory of types of LTM comes in CLINICAL EVIDENCE

E- The famous case studies of HM and Clive wearing support the view that the LTM is made of 3 DIFFERENT STORES. Episodic memory in both men was severely IMPAIRED as a consequence of amnesia.

E- Despite this, their semantic and procedural memories were relatively unaffected. Eg, they understood the meaning of words, knew how to tie their shoelaces and in the case of clive wearing, still knew how to PLAY the piano.

L- this supports tulvings view that there are different stores in LTM; this is clear evidence that not only are these types of memory different but theyre also stored in DIFF parts of the brain.

THIS INCREASES THE VALIDITY

Question 11

Studies AGAINST LTM THEORY: limitation

Answer 11

COHEN and SQUIRE- (1980)-
They argue that the LTM is divided into DECLARATIVE ( semantic and episodic) and NON DECLARITIVE.(procedural)
- this reduces the reliability of tulving theory as it suggests that there are TWO stores NOT THREE.