types of LTM

Question 1

what is episodic memory?

Answer 1

record of daily happenings/past events
(like an ‘episode’ of our lives)

Question 2

give an example of an episodic memory

Answer 2

most recent trip to the dentist
12th birthday party
breakfast you ate this morning etc.

Question 3

true or false?
episodic memory is declarative

Answer 3

true

Question 4

what is semantic memory?

Answer 4

collection of facts, knowledge, information
combination of dictionary/encyclopedia

Question 5

give an example of a semantic memory

Answer 5

taste of an orange
france is in europe etc

Question 6

is semantic memory declarative or non-declarative?

Answer 6

declarative

Question 7

what is procedural memory?

Answer 7

memory for actions/skills + how we do things

Question 8

give an example of a procedural memory

Answer 8

driving a car
riding a bike etc.

Question 9

true or false?
procedural memory is non-declarative

Answer 9

true

Question 10

define ‘declarative memory’

Answer 10

memories that can be consciously recalled (episodic + semantic)

Question 11

define ‘non-declarative memory’

Answer 11

memories that aren’t consciously recalled (procedural)

Question 12

name 2 strengths

Answer 12

real world application
clinical evidence

Question 13

name a limitation

Answer 13

conflicting neuroimaging evidence

Question 14

how does HM support clinical evidence for separate LTM stores?

Answer 14

he couldn’t recall stroking a dog (episodic) but didn’t need the concept of ‘dog’ explained to him (semantic)

Question 15

how does Clive Wearing support clinical evidence for separate LTM stores?

Answer 15

his episodic memories were severely damaged but he still knew how to read music + play piano (procedural)

Question 16

describe a counterpoint for clinical evidence

Answer 16

brain injuries of patients are usually unexpected, so researcher had no way of controlling what happened before/during injury (lack control of variables).
also have no prior knowledge of individual’s memory before damage

Question 17

what did Belleville et al. (2006) research?

Answer 17

devised an intervention to improve episodic memories in older people + trained participants performed better on an episodic memory test than a control group

Question 18

how does distinguishing between LTM types benefit memory treatments?

Answer 18

specific memory treatments can be made for each LTM type

Question 19

what evidence did Buckner + Peterson review?

Answer 19

evidence regarding location of semantic + episodic memory

Question 20

how does Buckner + Peterson’s research link to conflicting neuroimaging evidence?

Answer 20

they concluded that semantic memory is located in the left prefrontal cortex + episodic memory is located in the right prefrontal cortex.
however, other research links the left PFC with encoding of episodic memories + right PFC with episodic retrieval