types of LTM Flashcards
what is episodic memory?
record of daily happenings/past events
(like an ‘episode’ of our lives)
give an example of an episodic memory
most recent trip to the dentist
12th birthday party
breakfast you ate this morning etc.
true or false?
episodic memory is declarative
true
what is semantic memory?
collection of facts, knowledge, information
combination of dictionary/encyclopedia
give an example of a semantic memory
taste of an orange
france is in europe etc
is semantic memory declarative or non-declarative?
declarative
what is procedural memory?
memory for actions/skills + how we do things
give an example of a procedural memory
driving a car
riding a bike etc.
true or false?
procedural memory is non-declarative
true
define ‘declarative memory’
memories that can be consciously recalled (episodic + semantic)
define ‘non-declarative memory’
memories that aren’t consciously recalled (procedural)
name 2 strengths
real world application
clinical evidence
name a limitation
conflicting neuroimaging evidence
how does HM support clinical evidence for separate LTM stores?
he couldn’t recall stroking a dog (episodic) but didn’t need the concept of ‘dog’ explained to him (semantic)
how does Clive Wearing support clinical evidence for separate LTM stores?
his episodic memories were severely damaged but he still knew how to read music + play piano (procedural)
describe a counterpoint for clinical evidence
brain injuries of patients are usually unexpected, so researcher had no way of controlling what happened before/during injury (lack control of variables).
also have no prior knowledge of individual’s memory before damage
what did Belleville et al. (2006) research?
devised an intervention to improve episodic memories in older people + trained participants performed better on an episodic memory test than a control group
how does distinguishing between LTM types benefit memory treatments?
specific memory treatments can be made for each LTM type
what evidence did Buckner + Peterson review?
evidence regarding location of semantic + episodic memory
how does Buckner + Peterson’s research link to conflicting neuroimaging evidence?
they concluded that semantic memory is located in the left prefrontal cortex + episodic memory is located in the right prefrontal cortex.
however, other research links the left PFC with encoding of episodic memories + right PFC with episodic retrieval
