Types of LTM

Question 1

who proposed there were 3 LTM stores for different information

Answer 1

Tulving (1985)

Question 2

what is episodic memory

Answer 2

• ability to recall events
• memory is time stamped (remember when they happened)
  -have to make conscious effort to recall

Question 3

what is semantic memory

Answer 3

• contains our knowledge of the world
• has to be recalled consciously

Question 4

what is procedural memory

Answer 4

• memory of how to do things (brushing teeth)
• can be recalled without making conscious effort

Question 5

TYPES OF LTM - evaluation - clinical evidence

Answer 5

• episodic memory of HM and Clive Wearing was severely impaired due to amnesia. they had difficulty recalling events but had good semantic and procedural memories.
• supports view of different LTM stores as one can be affected without the others

Question 6

TYPES OF LTM - evaluation - neuroimaging evidence

Answer 6

• Tulving et al (1994) - got participants to complete memory tasks while scanning their brains.
• found episodic and semantic memories recalled from prefrontal cortex - left (semantic) right (episodic)

Question 7

TYPES OF LTM - evaluation - real life applications

Answer 7

• Belleville et al (2006) demonstrated episodic memories could be improved in older people who have mild cognitive impairment. trained participants performed better on episodic memory test than control group
• enables specific treatment to be developed

Question 8

TYPES OF LTM - evaluation - problems with clinical evidence

Answer 8

• lack of control of variables in studies

Question 9

TYPES OF LTM - evaluation - 3 types of LTM or 2?

Answer 9

• Cohen and Squire (1980) argue that episodic and semantic memories are together in one LTM store that’s known as declarative memory

Question 10

what is declarative memory?

Answer 10

where memories can be consciously recalled