TYPES OF LONG TERM MEMORY

Question 1

Declarative Memory

Answer 1

• declaritive memory is information that can be put into words and that can be ‘declared’. Within this there are 2 types of declarative memories: E/SM

Question 2

episodic memory

Answer 2

• LTM for events in our lives, the memoriesare ‘time-stamped’, and they have to be consciously recalled.

Question 3

semantic memory

Answer 3

• Semantic Memory is LTM for our
  knowledge of the world:
• general knowledge and facts.

Question 4

Non-Declarative Memory

Answer 4

• Non-Declarative Memory is information that cannot be put into words easily, it’s ‘knowing how’.
• There is one type which is PM .

Question 5

PROCEDURAL MEMORY

Answer 5

• Procedural Memory is LTM of skilled behaviours, and the recall is unconscious.
• These are located in different parts of the brain.

Question 6

where r they located

Answer 6

• The semantic memory is located in the frontal lobe,
• the procedural memory is located in the Cerebellum
• and episodic memory is in the temporal lobe.

Question 7

THE CASE STUDY OF CLIVE WEARING

Answer 7

• For example, Clive Wearing was unable to make new long term episodic memories but his procedural memory stayed intact.
• This suggests that the different types of LTM are stored in different parts of the brain.
• This increases validity of the theory as there is research support for
  the different types of LTM. Yet, as it was a case study this means it lacks population validity due to a
  small sample.
  Therefore, we are unable to make meaningful generalisations to a wider population.

Question 8

LACK CONTROL OVER MANY VARIABLES

Answer 8

• in the case of amnesiacs, the researcher has very little idea of what the patient’s memory was like before the injury other than what they have been told by family, but this still not very clear.
• therefore, they have little information to draw comparisons from.
• secondly, it is difficult to be certain about which parts of the brain have been affected until the patient has died – most studies are conducted on living patients.
• therefore, the conclusions that researchers have come to, may not be valid.

Question 9

the distinction made between the three kinds of memory is supported by research using brain scanning techniques

Answer 9

• such research has shown that different areas of the brain are active when different ltm’s are active.
• episodic memory is associated with the temporal lobe and the frontal lobe.
• semantic memory is associated with the temporal lobe.
• procedural memory relies on the cerebellum, motor cortex and basal ganglia.
• this works in favour of the different types ofltms by showing that there are different memory stores for different types of long-term memory

Question 10

PRIMING MAY BE A FOURTH KIND OF LTM

Answer 10

• priming describes how implicit memories influence the responses we make to a stimulus.
• if a person was given a list of words including the colour ‘yellow’ then asked to name a fruit, they would be more likely to say ‘banana’ then a person who has not been primed in this way.
• this is a type of implicit memory because it is unconscious and automatic.
• this suggests that the original theory of ltm is too simplistic and fourth kind may exist.