MULTI-STORE MEMORY MODEL

Question 1

WHO CREATED MSM

Answer 1

ATKINSON & SHIFFRIN (1968)

Question 2

WHAT DID THEY PROPOSE ABOUT MSM (ATKINSON & SHIFFRIN)

Answer 2

MODEL DESCRIBES HOW INFO FLOWD THROUGH THE MEMORY SYSTEM,STATING MEMORY IS CONSTRUCTED OF 3 PASSIVE STORES

Question 3

SENSORY REIGISTER

Answer 3

• all stimuli from the enviroment
• (e.g the sound of some talking) passes into the sr. this part of memory is not one store but five, one for each sense.

Question 4

DURATION OF SR

Answer 4

V BRIEF (½ SECS)

Question 5

CAPACITY OF SR

Answer 5

CAPACITY V HIGH, LOTS OF DATA YET HARDLY ANY INFO PASSES FROM SR TO OTHER MEMORY

Question 6

CODING OF SR

Answer 6

MULTI MODAL (depends on the sense)

Question 7

transfers from SR to STM

Answer 7

• info passes futhermore into the memory only if attention paid towards it (attention is the key process)

Question 8

DURATION OF STM

Answer 8

15-30 SECONDS

Question 9

CAPACITY OF STM

Answer 9

7+2 ITEMS (CLOSER TO 5>9)

Question 10

CODING OF STM

Answer 10

ACOUSTIC (based on sound)

Question 11

transfers from stm to ltm

Answer 11

• maintanance rehersal occurs when we repeat (rehearse) material to ourselves.
• we can keep info in the STM as as we rehearse it
• if we rehearse long enough it passes into ltm

Question 12

DURATION OF LTM

Answer 12

Potentially unlimited

Question 13

CAPACITY OF LTM

Answer 13

UNLIMITED

Question 14

CODING OF LTM

Answer 14

SEMANTIC (in terms of meaning)

Question 15

retrevial from LTM

Answer 15

• when we want to recall info stored in LTM it has to be transferred back into stm by a process called retrevial

Question 16

one strength is research support showing ltm and stm are diff

Answer 16

• baddley found that we tend to mix up words that sound similar when using our stm (suggesting its coding is acoustic)
• but we fix up words that have similar meaning when we use our LTM (which shows LTM coding is semantic)
• this supports the view of the msm that these two memory stores are seperate and independant

Question 17

one (counterpoint) is research support showing ltm and stm are diff

Answer 17

• despite such apparent support, the studies tend to not use everday stimulis (e.g names or faces) they use digits/ letters (Jacobs) or meaningless constant syllables (peterson and peterson)
• therefore the msm may not be a vlid exp on how memory works in everday life where memory tends to involve meaningless info

Question 18

one limitation is evidence suggesting that there is more than one stm store.

Answer 18

• kf had amnesia shalice and warrington STM recall for digits was poor when he heard them, but much better when he read them
• other studies confirm there may also be a seperate STM store for non-verbal sounds (e.g noises)
• therefore, this suggests the MSM doesnt fully explain how Long-term storage is acheieved.

Question 19

another limitation is prolonged rehersal is not needed to transfer STM - LTM

Answer 19

• craik and watkin argued that there are two types of rehearsal called maintance and elaborative maintanance (amount of rehersal) is the one described in the MSM
• but elaborative rehersal is needed for LTM storage this osscurs e.g information to your existing knowledge, or think about its meaning.
• this suggests that the MSM doesnt fully explain how long term storage is acheieved

Question 20

bygone model

Answer 20

• The MSM was a useful model that explained alot of evidence at the time (e.g diff between STM and LTM)
• however, it has become clear that MSM cannot account for many research findings (e.g amnesia) and oversimplifies the nature of STM and LTM and rehersal
• therefore the MSM was a good starting point for developing more valid models of memory that explain the research evidence better