types of long term memory

Question 1

episodic

Answer 1

ability to recall events from our lives
time stamped
conscious effort to recall

Question 2

semantic

Answer 2

facts , knowledge of the world
less personal , facts we all share

Question 3

procedural

Answer 3

for actions and skills
recall without conscious awareness or effort
muscle memory

Question 4

strength
clinical evidence

Answer 4

episodic in both hm and Clive wearing was severely impaired as a consequence of amnesia
had great difficulty recalling episodic memories but their semantic memories were relatively unaffected . procedural was still intact , Clive could still remember how to play the piano .
this evidence supports tulvigs view that there are different types of memory stores in ltm . one store can be damaged but other stores are unaffected , this is clear that these types of memory are different , but they are stored in different parts of the brain

Question 5

strength
neuroimaging evidence

Answer 5

evidence from brain scan studies that different types of memory are stored in different parts of the brain
tulvig et al ;
got their participants to preform various memory tasks while their brains were scanned using a PET scanner
they found episodic and semantic memories were both recalled from the prefrontal cortex , area is divided in two . left prefrontal cortex = recalling semantic memories
right prefrontal cortex = episodic
- supports the view that there is a physical reality to the different types of ltm within the brain. supports the validity of the findings.

Question 6

strength
real life applications

Answer 6

being able to identify different aspects of ltm allows pyschologists to target certain kinds of memory in order to better peoples lives .
belleville ;
demonstrated that episodic memories could be improved in older people who had a mild cognitive impairment . the trained participants performed better on a test of episodic memory after training than a control group.
episodic memory is the type of memory most often affected by mild cognitive impairment which highlights the benefit of being able to distinguish between types of ltm .

Question 7

weakness
clinical studies

Answer 7

cases like hm and Clive wearing provided lots of useful information about what happens when memory is damaged . helped researchers to understand how memory is supposed to work normally . however clinical studies are not perfect and have a lack of control on tons of different variables . ev.

Question 8

weakness
Cohen and squire

Answer 8

disagree with tulvig
accept procedural memories represent one type of ltm
but they argue episodic and semantic memories are stored together in one ltm store that they call declarative memory
in contrast procedural memories are non declarative memories