Types of Intervention

Question 1

3 types of intervention

Answer 1

Biological

Psychological

Public Health

Question 2

Biological interventions

Answer 2

Heroin addiction + methadone

Drug treatments for gambling addiction

Question 3

Psychological interventions

Answer 3

Reinforcement

Cognitive-behavioural therapies

Question 4

Public Health interventions

Answer 4

The NIDA study

Telephone smoking quitline services

Prevention of youth gambling

Question 5

Heroin addiction + methadone

Answer 5

Methodone = synthetic drug use din treatment of heroin addiction, mimics effects of heroin but less addictive

Drug abuser is prescribed slowly increasing amounts to increase tolerance to drug

Dose is then slowly decreased until addict no longer needs either methodone or heroin

Question 6

Drug treatments for gambling addiction

Answer 6

No drug approved in UK

But evidence that gamblers have dysfunctional serotonin = treated with SSRIs to increase sero showed sig improvements

Question 7

Reinforcement

Answer 7

1 way to reduce addictive behaviour = give people rewards for not engaging in addictive behaviour

P’s in reward condition = drew for prizes of monetary value each time tested -ve for drugs

Drug use dropped for p’s in reward condition with number of -ve urine samples being 60% higher than control

Question 8

CBT

Answer 8

Addictive behaviours are maintained by the person’s thoughts about these’s behaviours

Main goal: help people change the way they think about their addiction + learn new ways of coping more effectively

Question 9

The NIDA study

Answer 9

Designed to intervene in the cycle of personal + social problems associated with drug abuse

The provision of a combination of group + indi drug counselling sig reduced cocaine use, with an associated reduction in other behaviours (unprotected sex)

Question 10

Telephone smoking Quitline services

Answer 10

META: P’s who received repeated telephone calls from counsellor increased their odds of stopping smoking by 50% compared to smokers who only received brief counselling

Call-back counselling improves the L=T probability of cessation for smokers

Question 11

Prevention of youth gambling

Answer 11

Growing concern that adolescents represent the highest risk group for gambling problems

Proposed a prevention model that applies to denormalisation, protection, prevention + harm-reduction principles

Question 12

Problems with methadone treatment

Answer 12

Some become reliant on methadone = substituting one addiction for another

Consumption of it is unsupervised = can create black market where addicts sell their doses

Question 13

Drug treatments for gambling addiction

Answer 13

First study on SSRIs = small group + short duration

Larger, longer study of SSRI treatment failed to demonstrate superiority over placebo

Question 14

Issue with reinforcement interventions

Answer 14

Shown the effectiveness of reinforcement therapies but do not address problem that led to addition in first place

Possibility that the person may simply engage in a different addictive behaviour

Question 15

CBT support

Answer 15

Those who completed treatment = 86% no longer fulfilled DSM criteria for P gambling, also better perception of control over gambling problem + increase self-efficacy

Improvements were maintained after 1 year

Question 16

Positive of Public Health Interventions

Answer 16

There was a reduction in HIV risk associated with reduction in cocaine use due to reduced frequency of unprotected sex

Question 17

Importance of public health interventions into youth gambling

Answer 17

It’s a proactive approach to addressing a potentially devastating social issue

Research shown that problem gambling = criminal behaviour, depression + suicide

Question 18

Conclusion

Answer 18

Psychological therapies appear more affective when combined with pharmacological treatment

Question 19

Real-world Application

Answer 19

British military personnel = 29% pre-existing smokers increased cigg consumption while deployed

Use of telephone counselling for dependent smokers has been reported to be effective in reducing smoking dependence in mil vets