Types Of Intermolecular Forces

Question 0

Ion-induced dipole forces

Answer 0

The ion affects the electron cloud around an atom or molecule when it is nearby, cause a temporary dipole
E.g Na+ and hexane

Question 1

Ion-dipole

Answer 1

When a polar molecule approaches a negative of positive ion. The dipole will move so that the side closest to the ion has the opposite charge

Question 2

Dipole-dipole forces

Answer 2

• Attraction forces between slightly positive pole of one atom in the polar molecule and the slightly negative pole of the other atom on a polar molecule.
• When 2 dipoles approach each other, they will turn so that their oppositely-charged ends will be closer
• relative small force of attraction between the two permanent dipoles (5-25 kJ)

Question 3

Dipole -induced dipole

Answer 3

A polar molecule (permanent dipole) can induce a temporary dipole in a non-polar molecule or atom. This results in an attractive force between the two oppositely charged dipole.
These forces are very weak
O2 in water

Question 4

Induced dipole force (dispersion forces or London forces)

Answer 4

When two non-polar molecules or atoms approach each other, there is a slight change in the charge distribution in the electron cloud of both molecules or atoms. 
Electrons will not be exactly equally arranged around the atom/molecule. They are temporary and will disappear and reform between other particles in a direction direction... 
Weak forces (bond energy 0.05 - 40kJ) The larger the molecule, the stronger the attraction

Question 5

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 5

Occurs between molecules in which hydrogen is bonded to a small atom with an extremely high electronegativity, as in compounds with O,F and N
Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic force between a slightly - charge on the electronegative atom one molecule to the slight + charge on the hydrogen of one of the other molecules.
Very strong compared to other dipoles-dipole forces (10-25 kJ) however it is weaker than covalent and ionic bonds

Question 6

What are interatomic forces

Answer 6

Forces that hold the different atoms together in a molecule.