Types of Immunity

Question 1

What occurs in the primary and secondary response to infection?

Answer 1

Primary
- lower number of antibodies
- takes time for correct T and B cells to be activated and differentiate into different cell types
- so person experiences symptoms
- production of T and B memory cells which remain in the blood
Secondary
- faster and stronger response
- greater number of antibodies
- because memory cells are able to detect an antigens and differentiate more quickly

Question 2

What is active immunity

Answer 2

Acquired when an antigen enters the body triggering a specific immune response, can be:
natural active: acquired through exposure to pathogens
or artificial active: acquired through vaccination

Question 3

What is passive immunity?

Answer 3

Acquired without immune response, instead antibodies are gained from another source (not produced by infected person); no memory cells produced

Question 4

Describe two types of active immunity

Answer 4

natural active: acquired through exposure to pathogens
or artificial active: acquired through vaccination

Question 5

Describe two types of passive immunity

Answer 5

natural passive: e.g. foetuses receive antibodies from mothers, or babies gain antibodies from breast milk
artificial passive: people may be given an injection of antibodies