Types Of Immunity Flashcards
What is the primary immune response
The non specific immune response which then activated the specific immune response
Why is primary response slow
Because there aren’t many B cells (not undergone clonal expansion) that can make antibody needed to bind to the antigen so cannot immediately overcome infection
What do T memory cells remember
The specific antigen of the pathogen
What do B memory cells remember
The specific antibodies needed to bind to the antigen of the pathogen
What is the secondary immune response
When person reinfected with same pathogen both T and B memory cells will remain in body and remember antigens/antibodies needed to be produced.
-quicker and stronger immune response
What happens to T and B memory cells when person reinfected
T memory cells divide into correct type of T cells to kill the cell carrying the antigen
-B memory cells divide into plasma cells that produce the right antibody for the antigen
-means secondary response often gets rid of pathogen before you begin to show any symptoms
What is active immunity
The type of immunity you get when your immune system makes its own antibodies after being stimulated by an antigen
What is natural active immunity
When you become immune after catching a disease
What is artificial active immunity
This is when you become immune after you’ve been given a vaccine containing harmless dose of antigens
What is passive immunity
The type of immunity you get from being given antibodies made by a different organism meaning your immune system doesn’t produce any antibodies of its own
What is natural passive immunity
When a baby becomes immune due to the antibodies it receives from its mother through the placenta and breast milk
What is artificial passive immunity
When you become immune after being injected with antibodies eg if you get tetanus you can be injected with antibodies against tetanus toxin
Differences between the type of protection you get from active and passive immunity
Active immunity gives long-term protection but takes a while for the protection to develop (for T and B memory cells/antibodies to be produced) whereas passive immunity gives short term protection but it is immediate
How do vaccines work
Contain antigens that stimulate the primary immune response against a particular pathogen without the pathogen causing disease, causes body to produce memory cells meaning you become immune without getting any of the symptoms
