Humoral Response

Question 1

How is humoral response activated

Answer 1

Macrophages become APC by combining MHC complex with pathogen antigen and move to surface. APC then binds to T helper cell with correct receptor in clonal selection and T helper cell activated

Question 2

What happens when T helper cell activated

Answer 2

Undergoes clonal expansion which increases number of T helper cells as divide by mitosis and T memory cells

Question 3

How are B cells activated

Answer 3

APC binds to B cell and T helper produce cytokines which activate B cell

Question 4

What happens when B cells activated

Answer 4

Undergoes clonal expansion to produce plasma cells(B effector cells which produce antibodies complementary to antigens on pathogen) and B memory cells(remain in blood for long time and remember antibodies needed)

Question 5

What are the three roles of antibodies

Answer 5

-neutralise toxins released by bacteria, toxin-antibody complex also phagocytosed
-agglutinating pathogens causing pathogens to clump together so can be phagocytosed all together
-binding to antigens on surface of pathogen and blocks these meaning cannot bind to host cells and marks pathogens for phagocytes to destroy