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Types Of Ice Flashcards

1
Q

Disk shaped crystals form and grow suspended in the water

A

Frazil Ice/Slush Ice

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2
Q

Crystals form a thin, oily or opaque looking film, which floats to the surface

A

Frazil Ice/Slush Ice

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3
Q

Water movement interrupts crystal growth so crystals cannot join together

A

Frazil Ice/Slush Ice

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4
Q

Mixture of ice crystals and water that looks like a slushie

A

Frazil Ice/Slush Ice

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5
Q

Crystals are called ______ and the mixture of crystals and water is called ____

A

Frazil ice

Slush ice

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6
Q

Hazards of frazil ice/slush ice

A
  • stage one of ice formation

- will not support rescuers weight

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7
Q

Risks of frazil ice/slush ice

A

Unpredictable while forming, could be difficult to transit of collected in an area

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8
Q

Conglomerations of small ice fragments broken off from other ice formations caused by either weather, or the passage of vessels

A

Brash ice

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9
Q

Brash thickness can range from ____

A

Inches to 8’+

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10
Q

Very loose brash ice is called ___

A

Drift ice

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11
Q

Hazards of brash ice

A
  • rough terrain

- difficult to judge strength

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12
Q

Risks of brash ice

A

Will the thickness support weight? Is it refrozen?

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13
Q

Formed when temperatures drop and frazil ice clusters start to freeze together and form plates of ice

A

Pancake ice

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14
Q

Plates of ice are called ___ or ___

A

Pancake ice

Frazil pans

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15
Q

___ are rounded and often have raised edges

A

Pancakes

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16
Q

___ usually separates the pancakes

A

Frazil slush

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17
Q

Hazards of pancake ice

A

Depends on whether or not it is refrozen

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18
Q

Risks of pancake ice

A

Will thickness support weight and is it refrozen or soft

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19
Q

Formed by long, hard freezes without wind

A

Clear ice

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20
Q

Ice can be blue, green, or black due to the color of the water that is visible through the ice

A

Clear ice

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21
Q

Clear ice strength varies dependent on ___

A

Thickness of ice

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22
Q

___ is usually the strongest ice

A

Clear ice

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23
Q

Clean, smooth plate ice is sometimes referred to as ___

A

Glare ice

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24
Q

Hazards of clear ice

A

Depends on ice’s thickness

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25
Risks of clear ice
Difficult to judge ice thickness
26
In clear ice, sometimes ___ can give indications of ice thickness
Bubbles and small cracks
27
Opaque or milky looking
Snow ice
28
Formed from the freezing of water soaked snow
Snow ice
29
Snow ice is ___
Low density, porous, and weak
30
Hazards of snow ice
Not compressed, and strength is dependent on the snow ice mix
31
Risks of snow ice
Unpredictable, ice quality varies
32
Combination of two or more types of ice
Layered ice
33
Hazards of layered ice
Pockets of air and porous ice layers may not be suitable for ice anchor
34
Risks of layered ice
Difficult to judge thickness from the surface
35
Any fracture in the ice that can be open or closed
Ice fracture (crack)
36
Hazards of ice fracture
Could have weaker ice near crack
37
Risks of ice fracture
Depending on wind direction, crack could be separating. | Obstacle for conveyances
38
Large, open crack
Ice lead
39
Ice lead over 3' wide
Open crack
40
Hazards of ice lead
Indicates large ice floe that is likely moving, and opening can be frozen with thinner ice
41
Risks of ice lead
May be difficult to transit, snow may hide hazards
42
Open pools, or irregular, isolated openings in the ice
Polynya
43
Caused by the rejoining of large floes or localized disturbances in the water that keep an area from freezing
Polynya
44
Small openings are called ___
Ice Holes
45
Polynya is pronounced ___
Pull-En'-Yah
46
Hazards of polynya
Open water
47
Risks of polynya
Difficult to transit
48
Flat piece of ice, 10' in diameter or larger
Ice Floe
49
Ice floe may consist of a ___ or ___
- Single unbroken piece of ice | - Many combined fragments of ice
50
Cause of ice floe
Offshore winds and currents, usually during periods of ice deterioration
51
Risks of ice floes
Time is crucial | The further the ice is pushed by the winds, the greater the seas will build, breaking the ice
52
Ice floe measures ___
10' or larger
53
Ice that is fixed to the coastline or other fixed object
Fast Ice
54
Fast ice is also called ___
Land-fast ice | Shore-fast ice
55
Hazards of fast ice
Becomes an ice floe when it detaches from shore
56
The accumulation of ice floes formed by wind, waves, or current. Ice fragments are larger than those used to describe brash ice
Pack ice
57
Pack ice is ___ packed
Loosely or densely
58
Hazards of pack ice
Unpredictable and too unstable to effectively support a rescuer or conveyance
59
Risks of Pack ice
May be difficult to transit on foot
60
Rows of ice piles formed by wind-driven masses of plate ice that have collided
Pressure Ridge/Windrow
61
Windrows continue to grow in height, depth, and breadth, as long as ___
The wind persists
62
Great Lakes term for a Pressure Ridge
Windrow
63
Large area of Windrows
Rubble
64
Approx ___% of the height of a pressure ridge is below water
70
65
Hazards of Pressure ridge
Rough terrain/obstacles
66
Risks of Pressure ridge
Poor footing | Damage to conveyances
67
Large areas where prolonged pressure has created very rough terrain
Rubble ice
68
Accumulation of windrows
Rubble ice
69
Large areas of rubble ice are called ___
Rubble fields
70
Ice in windrows and rubble typically ___
Rafts or hummocks
71
When an ice place rides over the top of another plate
Rafting
72
When a broken plate or plates are forced perpendicular or near perpendicular
Hummocking
73
Hazards of rubble ice
Rough terrain/obstacles
74
Risks of rubble ice
Unsteady footing | Potential damage to conveyances
75
Looks like many candles bundled together
Candle ice
76
Candle ice is ice that is ___
Rotting in the final stages of decomposition
77
When is candle ice commonly found
Late winter or early spring
78
Hazards of candle ice
Porous, weak, easily breaks apart, in a state of deterioration
79
Risks of candle ice
Unpredictable, difficult to transit

Ice (8 decks)

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