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Types Of Ice Flashcards

1
Q

Disk shaped crystals form and grow suspended in the water

A

Frazil Ice/Slush Ice

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2
Q

Crystals form a thin, oily or opaque looking film, which floats to the surface

A

Frazil Ice/Slush Ice

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3
Q

Water movement interrupts crystal growth so crystals cannot join together

A

Frazil Ice/Slush Ice

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4
Q

Mixture of ice crystals and water that looks like a slushie

A

Frazil Ice/Slush Ice

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5
Q

Crystals are called ______ and the mixture of crystals and water is called ____

A

Frazil ice

Slush ice

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6
Q

Hazards of frazil ice/slush ice

A
  • stage one of ice formation

- will not support rescuers weight

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7
Q

Risks of frazil ice/slush ice

A

Unpredictable while forming, could be difficult to transit of collected in an area

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8
Q

Conglomerations of small ice fragments broken off from other ice formations caused by either weather, or the passage of vessels

A

Brash ice

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9
Q

Brash thickness can range from ____

A

Inches to 8’+

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10
Q

Very loose brash ice is called ___

A

Drift ice

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11
Q

Hazards of brash ice

A
  • rough terrain

- difficult to judge strength

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12
Q

Risks of brash ice

A

Will the thickness support weight? Is it refrozen?

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13
Q

Formed when temperatures drop and frazil ice clusters start to freeze together and form plates of ice

A

Pancake ice

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14
Q

Plates of ice are called ___ or ___

A

Pancake ice

Frazil pans

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15
Q

___ are rounded and often have raised edges

A

Pancakes

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16
Q

___ usually separates the pancakes

A

Frazil slush

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17
Q

Hazards of pancake ice

A

Depends on whether or not it is refrozen

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18
Q

Risks of pancake ice

A

Will thickness support weight and is it refrozen or soft

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19
Q

Formed by long, hard freezes without wind

A

Clear ice

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20
Q

Ice can be blue, green, or black due to the color of the water that is visible through the ice

A

Clear ice

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21
Q

Clear ice strength varies dependent on ___

A

Thickness of ice

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22
Q

___ is usually the strongest ice

A

Clear ice

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23
Q

Clean, smooth plate ice is sometimes referred to as ___

A

Glare ice

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24
Q

Hazards of clear ice

A

Depends on ice’s thickness

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25
Q

Risks of clear ice

A

Difficult to judge ice thickness

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26
Q

In clear ice, sometimes ___ can give indications of ice thickness

A

Bubbles and small cracks

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27
Q

Opaque or milky looking

A

Snow ice

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28
Q

Formed from the freezing of water soaked snow

A

Snow ice

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29
Q

Snow ice is ___

A

Low density, porous, and weak

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30
Q

Hazards of snow ice

A

Not compressed, and strength is dependent on the snow ice mix

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31
Q

Risks of snow ice

A

Unpredictable, ice quality varies

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32
Q

Combination of two or more types of ice

A

Layered ice

33
Q

Hazards of layered ice

A

Pockets of air and porous ice layers may not be suitable for ice anchor

34
Q

Risks of layered ice

A

Difficult to judge thickness from the surface

35
Q

Any fracture in the ice that can be open or closed

A

Ice fracture (crack)

36
Q

Hazards of ice fracture

A

Could have weaker ice near crack

37
Q

Risks of ice fracture

A

Depending on wind direction, crack could be separating.

Obstacle for conveyances

38
Q

Large, open crack

39
Q

Ice lead over 3’ wide

A

Open crack

40
Q

Hazards of ice lead

A

Indicates large ice floe that is likely moving, and opening can be frozen with thinner ice

41
Q

Risks of ice lead

A

May be difficult to transit, snow may hide hazards

42
Q

Open pools, or irregular, isolated openings in the ice

43
Q

Caused by the rejoining of large floes or localized disturbances in the water that keep an area from freezing

44
Q

Small openings are called ___

45
Q

Polynya is pronounced ___

A

Pull-En’-Yah

46
Q

Hazards of polynya

A

Open water

47
Q

Risks of polynya

A

Difficult to transit

48
Q

Flat piece of ice, 10’ in diameter or larger

49
Q

Ice floe may consist of a ___ or ___

A
  • Single unbroken piece of ice

- Many combined fragments of ice

50
Q

Cause of ice floe

A

Offshore winds and currents, usually during periods of ice deterioration

51
Q

Risks of ice floes

A

Time is crucial

The further the ice is pushed by the winds, the greater the seas will build, breaking the ice

52
Q

Ice floe measures ___

A

10’ or larger

53
Q

Ice that is fixed to the coastline or other fixed object

54
Q

Fast ice is also called ___

A

Land-fast ice

Shore-fast ice

55
Q

Hazards of fast ice

A

Becomes an ice floe when it detaches from shore

56
Q

The accumulation of ice floes formed by wind, waves, or current. Ice fragments are larger than those used to describe brash ice

57
Q

Pack ice is ___ packed

A

Loosely or densely

58
Q

Hazards of pack ice

A

Unpredictable and too unstable to effectively support a rescuer or conveyance

59
Q

Risks of Pack ice

A

May be difficult to transit on foot

60
Q

Rows of ice piles formed by wind-driven masses of plate ice that have collided

A

Pressure Ridge/Windrow

61
Q

Windrows continue to grow in height, depth, and breadth, as long as ___

A

The wind persists

62
Q

Great Lakes term for a Pressure Ridge

63
Q

Large area of Windrows

64
Q

Approx ___% of the height of a pressure ridge is below water

65
Q

Hazards of Pressure ridge

A

Rough terrain/obstacles

66
Q

Risks of Pressure ridge

A

Poor footing

Damage to conveyances

67
Q

Large areas where prolonged pressure has created very rough terrain

A

Rubble ice

68
Q

Accumulation of windrows

A

Rubble ice

69
Q

Large areas of rubble ice are called ___

A

Rubble fields

70
Q

Ice in windrows and rubble typically ___

A

Rafts or hummocks

71
Q

When an ice place rides over the top of another plate

72
Q

When a broken plate or plates are forced perpendicular or near perpendicular

A

Hummocking

73
Q

Hazards of rubble ice

A

Rough terrain/obstacles

74
Q

Risks of rubble ice

A

Unsteady footing

Potential damage to conveyances

75
Q

Looks like many candles bundled together

A

Candle ice

76
Q

Candle ice is ice that is ___

A

Rotting in the final stages of decomposition

77
Q

When is candle ice commonly found

A

Late winter or early spring

78
Q

Hazards of candle ice

A

Porous, weak, easily breaks apart, in a state of deterioration

79
Q

Risks of candle ice

A

Unpredictable, difficult to transit

Ice (8 decks)

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