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1 Respiratory > Types of hypersensitivity reactions > Flashcards

Types of hypersensitivity reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What is type I hypersensitivity

A

Immediate hypersensitivity (allergy)

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2
Q

when is the onset of type I hypersensitivity

A

seconds (if IgE is pre-fromed)

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3
Q

What are infectious triggers of type I hypersensitivity

A

Paracites

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4
Q

Environmental triggers of type I hypersensitivity

A

Allergens

eg, house dust mite, animal dander, pollen, peanut

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5
Q

What are the adaptive/innate mediators for type I hypersensitivity reactions

A

Adaptive: Th2 cells, B cells, IgE

Innate: Mast cells, eosinophils

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6
Q

What is type II hypersensitivity

A

Direct cell killing (cell bound antigen)
type 2 - coming to get u

Antibody binds to cell surface antigen resulting in activation of complement nd opsonisation

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7
Q

What does activation of the complement system by antibodies in type II hypersensitivity result in

A

Formation of membrane attack complex which punches holes in bacterial cell membranes

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8
Q

Clinical examples of type II hypersensitivity

A

Immune haemolytic anaemia (eg. giving wrong blood type so complement causes haemolysis of transfused RBC)

Drug induced haemolysis (penecillin induces immune haemolytic anaemia)

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9
Q

How do you manage type II hypersensitivity

A

Plasmapheresis -removal of pathogenic antibodies

Immunosuppresion

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10
Q

What are the environmental triggers for type II hypersensitivity

A

Immune haemolytic anaemia

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11
Q

What is type III hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity

Presence of excess antigen in blood causes the antibodies to bind forming small immune complexes - get trapped in small blood vessels

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12
Q

Clinical examples of type III hypersensitivity

A

Farmer’s lung

Inhaled fungal particles from mouldy hay stimulate antibody formation which form immune complexes with antigen

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13
Q

List some causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Farmer’s lung -mouldy hay
Bird fancier’s lung -avian excreta, feathers
Malt workers lung -mouldy malting
Cheese workers lung - mouldy cheese
Maple bark strippers lung-bark from stored maple

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14
Q

What is acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Immune complexes deposited in the walls of alveoli and bronchi

Leukocyte accumulation and inflammation within alveoli

Causes wheezing and malaise 4-8hrs after exposure

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15
Q

How to manage type III hypersensitivity reactions

A

Avoidance
Decrease inflammation - steroids
Decrease production of antibody - immunosuppression

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16
Q

How long till the onset of type III hypersensitivity

A

Hours - ig IgG is preformed

17
Q

What are the adaptive immune mediators in type III hypersensitivity reactions

A

IgG, B cells

18
Q

What is type IV hypersensitivity

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity- reaction takes several days to develop

19
Q

What diseases are associated with type IV hypersensitivity

A

Autoimmune
Type 1 diabetes
Psoriasis
Rheumatoic arthritis

Non-autoimmune 
Contact dermatitis 
TB 
leprosy 
Sacroidosis 
cellular resection of organ transplant
20
Q

How does type IV hypersensitivity work

A

T cell mediated hypersensitivity
Initial sensitisation to antigen generated primed effector TH1 cells and memory T cells

Subsequent exposure causes activation of preciously primed T cells and persistent inflammation

21
Q

How to manage sacroidosis

A

Watchful waiting - many patients undergo spontaneous remission

NSAIDS - for acute onset

Systemic coticosteroids

  • block T cell activation
  • block macrophage activation
22
Q

How long does it take for the onset of type IV hypersensitivity

A

2-3 days

23
Q

What triggers type IV hypersensitivity

A

Infectious - Hep B
enviromental- contact dermatitis
sacoidosis

24
Q

What adaptive immune cells are involved in type IV hypersensitivity

A

TH1 cells

25
Q

ABCD of hypersensitivity reactions

A

I = Allergy, Anaphylaxis and Atopy
II= antiBody
III= immune Complex
IV- Delayed

26
Q

What is kylas one lacking feature as a friend

A

She is not a homosexual

1 Respiratory (2 decks)

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