Types of heart disease Flashcards
What is Aetiology?
A cause of disease known as aetiological factors
-could be bacteria, viral, trauma, chemical agent, environmental, nutritional, genetic predispostition
What is pathogenesis?
The mechanism of a diseases development/ how the disease progresses within the body following the aetiology spark
What are morphological changes?
-structural alterations/adaptations
What are clinical manifestations?
-how the disease shows itself (through signs, symptoms or testing)
-some patients can be assymptomatic
What is clinical course?
-acute, chronic phases
example- asthma attack is an acute phase whereas someone who has breathing difficulties everyday is potentially in a chronic phase
What is a prognosis?
-predicting the future
-future course of the medical condition
What is epidemiology?
-looks at diseases across populations
-can finds links between age,gender race etc
Define incidents
number of new cases of that disease
Define prevelance
-number of existing cases,
-how many people in the population are living with that disease
Name 6 types of heart disease
1- ischaemic heart disease (IHD)
2-Hypertensive disease
3-valvular heart disease
4-myocardial disease
5-congenital heart disease
6-pericardial heart disease
What are some other names for IHD?
-coronary heart disease
-coronary artery disease
What is IHD?
-most common form of HD
-atherosclerosis- yellow plaque in large to medium size arteries
-thrombus and embolus
-supply and demand of oxygenated blood to the heart- if there is an imbalance then we will develop IHD
( think of it like scales)
What is a thrombus?
mass that has grown in a structure for example an artery
What is an embolus?
A thrombus that has snapped off and lodged itself further down a structure
Name some factors affecting IHD
-modifiable or non modifiable/ reversable or non reversible
modifiable- weight, lifestyle, diabetes, smoking, cholesterol, hypertension
non modifiable- age, family history, gender,
What factors help supply oxygenated blood to the heart?
-heart rate
-vascular tone of coronary arteries
-wether there is disease in the arteries
-anemia- not enough o2 in the blood
What factors determine the demand for oxygenated blood to the heart?
-heart rate
-preload, afterload, contractility
What is valvular heart disease?
-valvular damage leads to a haemodynamic consequence on the heart
-bacteria can get in an attack the valve, increased age can lead to excess calcium deposits so the valve becomes stenotic
incompetent valves lead to regurgitation
What is a mitral prolapse?
-leaflets are above the annulus which leads to mitral regeretation
What are some types of myocardial disease?
-dilated cardiomyopathy
-obstructed cardiomyopathy
-restricted cardiomyopathy
What are some principles of cardiac dysfunction?
1-pump (systolic/dyastolic dysfunction)
2-obstruction
3-Regurgitation
4-conduction
