Types Of Feeders

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

Build simple inorganic molecules into complex organic molecules

Question 2

Photoautotroph

Answer 2

Uses light energy to convert simple inorganic molecules into complex organic ones. A type of autotroph

Question 3

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 3

Uses the energy derived from special methods of respiration (‘oxidation of minerals’…?) BASICALLY CHEMICAL REACTIONS to convert simple inorganic molecules into complex organic ones. A type of autotroph

Question 4

Heterotroph

Answer 4

Breakdown complex organic molecules to release energy , consume complex organic food.

Question 5

Holozoic

Answer 5

A type of heterotrophs that processes food inside the body as it passes along through the gut . This is nearly all feeders including carnivores, herbivores or omnivores omnivores, dentrivores. Intracellular and extracellular digestion. Can also be ingesting other cells….?

Question 6

Example of photoautotroph

Answer 6

Plants

Question 7

Example of a chemo autotroph

Answer 7

Some bacteria

Question 8

Four types of holozoic organisms

Answer 8

Dentrivores, carnivores herbivores and omnivores

Question 9

Saprotrophs

Answer 9

Secrete enzymes out of the body onto the food source. Processes food outside the organism. It is a type of extracellular digestion where the soluble products of digestion are absorbed by diffusion across the cell membrane. Also called saphrophytes.

Question 10

Examples of saprotrophs

Answer 10

Fungi and some bacteria

Question 11

Decomposers

Answer 11

A type of saprotrophs that feeds on dead and decaying matter

Question 12

Parasites

Answer 12

Feed in or on the host and cause harm. Ecto- means on and Endo- means in.

Question 13

Differences between endoparasites and ectoparasites and examples of each

Answer 13

Endoparasites are more adapted and are inside the Host, ectoparasites are less adapted and outside the Host. An example of an endoparasite is a tapeworm and a nit for a ectoparasite

Question 14

Examples of saprotrophs

Answer 14

Fungi, including decomposers, which specifically digest dead material - e.g. bread mould, and some bacteria.

Question 15

Dentrivores definition and examples

Answer 15

Organism that process dead and decaying matter inside them for example earthworms or maggots

Question 16

Carnivores

Answer 16

Digest other animals for example a lion

Question 17

Herbivores

Answer 17

Digest plant material inside the organism for example rabbits

Question 18

Omnivores

Answer 18

digest plants and animals inside the organism for example humans

Question 19

How do unicellular organism such as amoeba gain nutrition?

Answer 19

They secrete enzymes on to food and then absorb the soluble products of this extracellular digestion by diffusion across the cell membrane. Larger molecules can be taken in by endocytosis for intracellular digestion where they fuse with lysosomes.

Question 20

How do hydra gain nutrition?

Answer 20

The extend tentacles, paralyzing pray with stinging cells and then the tentacles move the prey through the mouth and into the hollow body cavity. Endodermal cells secrete protease and lipase and the prey is extracellularly digested. Products of digestion are then absorbed into cells and indigestible material is egested by the mouth. The outside layer of cells is called the ectoderm and the inside is called the endoderm. there is a a jelly layer containing the nerve net but only two layers of cell

Question 21

Why do larger more complex organisms require a more complex digestive system?

Answer 21

They require a varied diet which means they need to have a specialised, divided, differentiated gut to digest all the different nutrients with different enzymes. Simple organisms which feed off only one type of food will have an undifferentiated gut.

Question 22

Describe the external structure of bread mould

Answer 22

Black, ripe sporangia appear as masses of black pinheads and are used in asexual reproduction. Branching hyphae penetrate the bread substrate secreting digestive enzymes and absorbing soluble products of digestion.

Question 23

Describe the internal structure of bread mould

Answer 23

Inside there are vacuoles storage granules mitochondria and nuclei in the cytoplasm. There are vesicles at the growing tips to add new material to hyphae and enzymes which can digest carbohydrates proteins and lipids.

Question 24

How are the products of extracellular digestion absorbed into to bread mould? What are they?

Answer 24

Sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed through the cell wall, possibly by active transport.

Question 25

Digestion

Answer 25

the chemical breakdown by enzymes of large food molecules to small, soluble molecules

Question 26

Ingestion (description for humans)

Answer 26

Large food particles are taken into the mouth and broken down by the action of teeth, liver and the tongue (mastication) so it may then move into the gut - an example of mechanical digestion

Question 27

Absorption

Answer 27

Small, soluble food molecules move from the small intestine into the bloodstream, which transports them to cells.

Question 28

Egestion

Answer 28

Undigested food moves out of the body as faeces, via the colon, rectum and anus. Sometimes known as elimination