Types Of Feeders Flashcards
Autotroph
Build simple inorganic molecules into complex organic molecules
Photoautotroph
Uses light energy to convert simple inorganic molecules into complex organic ones. A type of autotroph
Chemoautotrophs
Uses the energy derived from special methods of respiration (‘oxidation of minerals’…?) BASICALLY CHEMICAL REACTIONS to convert simple inorganic molecules into complex organic ones. A type of autotroph
Heterotroph
Breakdown complex organic molecules to release energy , consume complex organic food.
Holozoic
A type of heterotrophs that processes food inside the body as it passes along through the gut . This is nearly all feeders including carnivores, herbivores or omnivores omnivores, dentrivores. Intracellular and extracellular digestion. Can also be ingesting other cells….?
Example of photoautotroph
Plants
Example of a chemo autotroph
Some bacteria
Four types of holozoic organisms
Dentrivores, carnivores herbivores and omnivores
Saprotrophs
Secrete enzymes out of the body onto the food source. Processes food outside the organism. It is a type of extracellular digestion where the soluble products of digestion are absorbed by diffusion across the cell membrane. Also called saphrophytes.
Examples of saprotrophs
Fungi and some bacteria
Decomposers
A type of saprotrophs that feeds on dead and decaying matter
Parasites
Feed in or on the host and cause harm. Ecto- means on and Endo- means in.
Differences between endoparasites and ectoparasites and examples of each
Endoparasites are more adapted and are inside the Host, ectoparasites are less adapted and outside the Host. An example of an endoparasite is a tapeworm and a nit for a ectoparasite
Examples of saprotrophs
Fungi, including decomposers, which specifically digest dead material - e.g. bread mould, and some bacteria.
Dentrivores definition and examples
Organism that process dead and decaying matter inside them for example earthworms or maggots
Carnivores
Digest other animals for example a lion
Herbivores
Digest plant material inside the organism for example rabbits
Omnivores
digest plants and animals inside the organism for example humans
How do unicellular organism such as amoeba gain nutrition?
They secrete enzymes on to food and then absorb the soluble products of this extracellular digestion by diffusion across the cell membrane. Larger molecules can be taken in by endocytosis for intracellular digestion where they fuse with lysosomes.
How do hydra gain nutrition?
The extend tentacles, paralyzing pray with stinging cells and then the tentacles move the prey through the mouth and into the hollow body cavity. Endodermal cells secrete protease and lipase and the prey is extracellularly digested. Products of digestion are then absorbed into cells and indigestible material is egested by the mouth. The outside layer of cells is called the ectoderm and the inside is called the endoderm. there is a a jelly layer containing the nerve net but only two layers of cell
Why do larger more complex organisms require a more complex digestive system?
They require a varied diet which means they need to have a specialised, divided, differentiated gut to digest all the different nutrients with different enzymes. Simple organisms which feed off only one type of food will have an undifferentiated gut.
Describe the external structure of bread mould
Black, ripe sporangia appear as masses of black pinheads and are used in asexual reproduction. Branching hyphae penetrate the bread substrate secreting digestive enzymes and absorbing soluble products of digestion.
Describe the internal structure of bread mould
Inside there are vacuoles storage granules mitochondria and nuclei in the cytoplasm. There are vesicles at the growing tips to add new material to hyphae and enzymes which can digest carbohydrates proteins and lipids.
How are the products of extracellular digestion absorbed into to bread mould? What are they?
Sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed through the cell wall, possibly by active transport.
