TYPES OF FABRIC Flashcards

(109 cards)

1
Q
  • From pulp of bamboo grass
  • Anti-bacterial
  • Mixed w/ cotton and polyester
A

Bamboo fabric

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2
Q
  • Cotton fabric
  • W/ white and contrasting color
A

Bandana

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3
Q
  • Broken rib weave
  • Pebbly texture
  • Granular texture
  • From silk, worsted wool & cotton
  • Used in jackets, mens ties & cummerbands
  • Made as a mourning cloth
A

Barathea

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4
Q
  • Created to simulate actual bark of tree
  • Made from cotton and textured
  • Printed w/ large vines, leaves & floral used as draperies, slipcovers etc.
A

Bark cloth

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5
Q
  • Named after Jean Batiste, french linen weaver
  • Resembles nainsook, but is finer (cotton) light weight, soft, semi-sheer fabric
  • For foundation garments & linings
A

Batiste

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6
Q
  • Cotton-like fabric cord w/ raised ridges in lengthwise direction
  • Used for upholstery & work clothes
  • Warp
A

Bedford cord

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7
Q
  • Sturdy warp-faced fabric
  • Pronounced cross-wise ribs
  • Originated in Bengal, India
A

Bengaline

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8
Q
  • Made when yarn is brushed w/ wire brush
  • End fabric has looped, soft pile w/ large air pockets
  • Often compared to fur
A

Berber Fleece

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9
Q
  • Small geometric pattern w/ center dot resembling a bird’s eye
  • Woven on dobby loom
  • Very soft, lightweight & absorbent
  • Also called “diaper cloth”
A

Birdseye

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10
Q
  • French word “buckled”, ringed/ curled
  • Named for ringed appearance
  • Drawn out loop yarn on the face of goods
  • Kinky appearance at intervals
  • Used in upholstery & window treatments
  • Used by Chanel
A

Boucle’

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11
Q
  • Twill weave from France
  • Yarns are interspersed w/ nubs
  • Dull, nubbed surface effect
  • Made in variety of weights
A

Bourette

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12
Q
  • Tightly woven plain weave w/ crosswise rib
  • Originally a silk shirting fabric
  • Named, because, woven in widths
  • Exceeds usual 29”
  • Napped face, closely sheared, polished produce a silky gloss
A

Broadcloth

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13
Q
  • Rich jacquard woven fabric
  • Raised figure flowers
  • W/ pattern emphasize by contrasting surface/ color
  • Design in low relief
  • Figures loose compared to Damask
  • Named derived from french “ornament”
  • Latin word “to figure”
  • Heavy fabric, rich raised design
  • Used for window treatments/ upholstery
A

Brocade

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14
Q

-Tightly woven jacquard fabric w/ a wrap effect
- Raised to give puffed appearance
- Heavy fabric, highly raised designs

A

Brocatelle

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15
Q
  • Coarse cotton fabric heavily sized w/ glue
  • Used for stiffening garments & book binding
  • For interlinings in garments
  • Named for Bokhara, southwest USSR, 1st made cheap, low-textured loose weave, very heavily sized & stiff
A

Buckram

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16
Q
  • From jute / hemp
  • Used in textiles for interiors, esp. wall hanging
  • Used for bagging & wrapping & furniture, linoleum manufacture
A

Burlap/ Gunny

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17
Q
  • Made in solid colors w/c are discharge/ resist printed (use chemical) onto white/ contrasting background
  • From Calcutta, India
  • Oldest cotton staples on market (inexpensive)
A

Calico

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18
Q
  • Calendered on right side to produce slight glass
  • Launders well
  • From Cambrai, France
  • Similar to batiste but stiffer & fewer slubs
A

Cambric

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19
Q
  • Twill face, w/ soft & loosely twisted filling yarn w/c is brushed to produced a soft nap
  • Heavy, warm strong & absorbent
  • From Canton, China
  • Used in linings & interlinings
A

Canton Flannel

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20
Q
  • Even weave, heavy & firm
  • Used for clothing & formerly used for tents & sails “duck”
  • Rugged, heavy material from plyed yarns
  • Usually manufactured in the grey state but some are dyed for different uses.
A

Canvass

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21
Q
  • Softest fabric made, light weight
  • Printed w/ delicate floral pattern, paisley/ geometric pattern & faint design
  • Originally silk & wool blend; now can be single fiber
  • Named from the Anglo-Indian term “ Shalee” — soft
  • From Norwich England in 1832
  • For sheer curtain, kimono
A

Challis

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22
Q
  • Made of color warp yarn (often blue) white filling yarn
  • Molted, colored surface
  • Can be made from cotton, silk/ manufactured fibers; commonly cotton
  • Used for shirts, dresses & child’s cloth
A

Chambray

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23
Q
  • Woven from chenille yarns
  • Fuzzy pile, piles are protruding from it
  • French word “caterpillar”
  • Fabric looks hairy
A

Chenille

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24
Q
  • Broken twill/ herringbone weave
  • Giving a chevron effect
  • Wide vs. across the width of fabric
A

Chevron

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25
- Thin, diaphanous/ gauze-like, soft, flimsy fabric; but strong despite of filmy look - Wears very well, difficult to handle - Best for shirring, draping, gathering, tucking etc. - so limp - French term for “ rag”
Chiffon
26
- Glazed cotton fabric often printed w/ bright figured & large flower designs - From hindu word “spotted” - Glazed calico textiles, imported from India - Unglazed are called “cretonne” - Used in draperies, slipcovers, dresses etc. - Cath kidston brand used the design
Chintz
27
- Cut pile cotton cloth - W/ narrow to wide wales that run in the warp direction good - Soft luster, washable & wears well - Durable fabric - Ridged form of velvet - Used in jackets, bags, pants, upholstery
Corduroy
28
- Lightweight fabric - Crinkly surface - Produced by hard twist yarns, chemical treatment, weave/ embossing - Very good wearing qualifies - Very slim effect - Depend on weight, used for dresses of all types, long dinner dresses, suits & coats.
Crepe
29
- Chain stitch embroidery - Fine, loosely twisted, 2-ply worsted on a plain weave fabric - Done by hand; in Kashmir province of India and England - Technique said to be thousand yrs. old - Design used outlines of flowers, vines & leaves; one/ many colors
Crewel
30
- Lightweight, stiffened, plain weave - Low yarn count - Used as stiffener to garments & drapery hems / puffed sleeves - Olden day used as peticotes
Crinoline
31
- W/ an irregular pattern of nap going in different directions - Crushed/ rumpled appearance - Looks lustrous - Produced by pressing fabric down in different directions - Mechanically twisting the fabric while wet - Used in beddings
Crushed velvet
32
- Firm, glossy, jacquard pattern fabric - Similar to brocade but flatter & reversible - Produced in monochromatic tones - Features patterns of flowers, fruit & other design, used in upholstery - 1st brought to the western world by Marco Polo from Damascus - One of the oldest, most popular cloth to be found today - Durable, launders well, holds high luster
Damask
33
- Rugged, serviceable, staple cotton cloth - Left hand twill on surface - Used to make blue jeans, for work clothes - Warp threads are dyed, where as weft threads remain plain white - Name derived from french
Denim
34
- Thin, sheer cloth in w/c cords stripes maybe woven into fabric - Easy to sew & manipulate - Launders well - Crisp texture w/c remains fairly well after washing - Made of silk / wool - “Palampore” made in Indian; used as bed coverings
Dimity
35
- Sheer fabric embellished w/ small dot motifs - May vary in color From Saint Galen, Switzerland; 1750
Dotted swiss
36
- Closely woven heavy fabric - Most durable according to textile industry - Heavier weights called “canvas” - Washable; waterproof; wind proof
Duck
37
- Ribbed cloth w/ crosswise rib effect - Soft & belongs to the grosgrain family, but its ribs are flatter than grossgrain - Difficult to launder
Faille
38
- Compact, matted woolen material - Derived from the Anglo-Saxon meaning “to filter” - From wool & fur, often mixed w/ natural/ synthetic - Done through heat, moisture, chemicals & pressure
Felt
39
- Jagged, undulating - Multi- colored pattern - Known as “bargello” / florentine stitch
Flame stitch
40
- Slight nap on both sides - From carded wool / worsted yarn - Now, made from wool, cotton/ synthetic fiber - If one side nap called “ flannelette”
Flannel
41
- Lightweight cloth, soft finish & feel - From plain / twill weave - Printed w/ small figures on dark/ light backgrounds - Soft, light fabric - From India
Foulard
42
- Uncut loops - Style by shearing the loops at varying heights - From fries land Holland - Used overcoating material for soldiers
Frieze
43
- Firm, durable compactly woven cloth - Diagonal line on the face - From worsted finer but can be cotton/ synthetic/ mixed - Smooth one side; diagonally ribbed - Named for cloak/ mantle; during middle ages (popular) - Refer to coarse long loose outer garments worn in medieval times especially the jews
Gabardine
44
- Thin sheer - Plain, leno/ dobby weave - Lightweight, soft & transparent - Used for curtains next to glass windows
Gauze
45
- Dyed yarns introduced at intervals in both warp & filling to achieve block / check effect - From Italian “Ging-gang” — “striped” - Strong, serviceable; soft, dull luster surface - For upholstery
Gingham
46
- Fine, gauzy, loosely woven fabric in leno weave - Known for stiffness & used for women’s cloth
Grenadine
47
- Strong closely-woven corded fabric usually silk/ rayon & w/ cotton filler - Heavy rather than ribbed fabric from plain/ rib weaves - Weft heavy than warp - Called “corded fabric” since weft resemble fine cords
Grosgrain
48
Japanese term for “soft as down” Lightweight, plain weave, silk fabric Softer than shantung
Habotai
49
- Multi-colored effect - Created by blending fibers of different colors - Used multiple shades of grey/ another - Color to produce muted shade
Heather
50
- Very stiff, wiry cloth from single horsehair filling - No more than 26” (66.04 cm) wide - Used for upholstery/ stiffening, interlinings to garment to enhance its shape
Hair cloth
51
- Broken twill weave - Composed of vertical sections that are alternately right angle in direction - Also called “arrow head weave” - Broken twill since right & left-hand twill resembles the backbone of a herring fish - Used as coats esp. cold countries Kdrama
Herringbone
52
- Broken twill weave - Medium-sized broken check effects that from an abstract 4 pointed star - Doutone pattern, black & white - Small pattern referred as “puppy tooth” - Used in coats in kdrama
Houndstooth
53
- Use resist dyeing process similar to tie-dye on threads "Double Ikat" both warp & weft tie dyed before weaving - From "malay" means "to bind" - Tribal patterns
Ikat
54
- Woven w/ yarn of one color in warp & another color in the filling - Seems to change color as light strikes it - Other names "changeable & shot"
Iridescent fabric
55
- Series of paint stripes, light medium/ dark yarns - Various effects be produced by twist of yarn
Jaspe'
56
- Metallic threads/ yarn are used - Shine & glitter makes it suitable for dressy wear - Usually gold, silver, & copper - From french term "worked w/ gold & silver wire"
Lame'
57
- Fabrics joined together w/ the use of high strength reinforcing scrim - Base fabric, 2 plies thermoplastic film - Outdoor fabric
Laminated Fabric
58
-Light, thin cloth, plain weave w/ crisp & crease - resistant finish - Known for "semi-transparency" range from, gauzy/ sheer to an almost opaque effect - From linen, now is cotton - From word "Laon" city in France where it is manufactured - Fine high count yarns, give a silky feel, crispier than voile but not crispy as organdine - Can be white, dyed/ printed
Lawn
59
- Jacquard striped fabric - Simulating silk & embroidery - Figuring & color in pattern comes from the warp
Lisserie
60
- Fine firm cotton cloth w/ plain weave background striped/ plaid in color - Derived from town in India & old - For clothing
Madras
61
- Light weight, open - mesh cloth - Leno / doupe weave - For clothing, curtains & mosquito nets - Similar to grenadine but w/ slightly more open weave
Marquisette
62
- Soft, double cloth w/c has quilted surface - Jacquard loom - 2 sets of warp & weft yarns - Stand out pattern gives "pouch/ quilted" - From French mean " cushioned/ padded" -Meant to mimic french handmade quilts
Metallase
63
- Heavy felted, hard, plain, face- finished - Napped; closely sheared - From Mowbray fox-hunting area in Leicestershire
Melton
64
- Very coarse yarn; rough substantial rather than bulky - Tendency to slide stretch & fray - Sag in time
Monk's cloth
64
- Net-like open appearance - Variety of construction; woven, knits, laces / crocheted fabrics - 1st use in interiors "office chair" Herman Miller
Mesh
65
- Generic term for variety of cotton fabric - Sheers to coarse sheeting - Smooth delicately woven cotton fabric - Used for dress & curtains - French term "mousseline" - Named 1st made mosul, now Iraq - Fine linen known as "Sindon"
Muslin
66
- Fine, soft fabric w/ plain weave - Light weight form of muslin - Usually w/ stripe, luster - Used for infant wear, lingerie / blouses
Nainsook
67
- Sheer fabric of silk, rayon/nylon - Smooth transparent, high textured, plain/ novelty weave - Delicate & lightweight - "French Terga" - Used for curtains, evening or bridal wear - Like voile but has more body
Ninon
68
- Soft white, closely woven cotton fabric - When from silk; called "organza" - Sheerest & crispiest cotton cloth - Prone to crinkling - Calendered on right to produce slight gloss - Similar to batiste but stiffer and few slub
Organdine
69
- Coarse cloth, part cotton waste on it. - Cheap fabric - 18th C. made from flax but 19th C. made in cotton - From town in Germany
Osnaburg
70
- Tightly woven, plain weave, ribbed w/ slightly lustered surface - Ribbed created by finer silk w/ heavier filler where yarn is covered by warp yarn.
Ottoman
71
- Soft, porous rather stout fabric - Silk like luster finish - Basket weave structure, soil easily - Used for men's shirt
Oxford
72
- French word "plush" - Satin faced material from high luster by roller pressure treatment during finishing - Resembles velvet but has much long pile type of crushed velvet; the pile is forced in one direction, applying heavy pressure.
Panne
73
- Cotton cloth w/ smooth firm finish - Closely woven, plain weave fabric - Fine, lustrous, smooth cloth w/ min. thread count of 180 threads per square inch - Common weave for bed sheets
Percale
74
- Medium weight/ heavy fabric w/ raised cords that run in the warp direction - Tightly woven & durable - For polo shirts & waffle weave - Valued by golfers
Pique
75
- Treated in a striped motif/ spot formation - Use caustic soda solution that shrinks parts of the goods to provide sprinkled/ pleated effect - No need to be ironed - Called wrinkle crepe & made in shrink process
Plisse
76
- Warp pile covered w/ surface of cut pile yarns - Pile is longer but not densly woven as velvet - From french term "peluche"; Latin "Pilus" means "Hair" - For upholstery & furniture; dress & millnery
Plush
77
- From cotton sometimes silk - 1st made in France in 1834 as dull surface net w/ various shred holes - White/ colored dots - For curtains, bassinets, formal wear
Point D'esprit
78
- Originally thin, natural, tan- colored silk - From wild Chinese silk w/ knotty rough weave, high luster - Named from Chinese "Pun-ki" meaning " woven at home on ones own loom" - Used as drapery lining
Pongee
78
- Combed & carded fabric w/ satin weave construction - Calendered to produce high luster - W/ intricate floral patterns called "chintz"
Polished Cotton
79
- Fine rib effect in filling direction from selvage to selvage - Heavy, durable fabric; ribbed appearance - From obsolete French "papeline"
Poplin
80
- Similar to poplin but more distinctive cross rib cord - Heavy suits & coats for men & boy's wear used - For upholstery & drapery
Rep
81
- W/ satin weave - Smooth lustrous surface effect - Used if the fabric uses short- staple yarns such as cotton (skips 6-7 yarn)
Sateen
82
- Very smooth, lustrous face effect while back of material is dull - From Zayfun, China - Favorite of court life since it exquisite quality & feel from latin "Seta" --- silk - Term used when filament fiber such as silk, nylon/ polyester are used
Satin
83
- High grade coating fabric - From wool of merino sheep raised in Saxony, Germany - Fine & high quality fabric - Soft to the cloth, drapes well - Absorb moisture well resist wrinkles - Name for soft woolen cloth w/ effects
Saxony
84
- Open mesh plain weave cloth - Used w/ buckram
Scrim
85
- Lightweight cotton cloth - Warp lies fast & second warp becomes crinkled, because of chemical treatment - Striped/ checkered - For summer suits
Seersucker
86
- Oldest basic term in textile - Diagonal lined/ ridges on both sides - 2 up & 2 down twill weave
Serge
87
- Raw silk from Tussah silk fabric made from several fiber but designated slub filling yarn - Wrinkles a bit & slips at the seams - From one of the city in China (originated)
Shantung
88
- From twill weave - Smooth compact surface resembles skin of shark - Substantial feel , lightweight, excellent wear - Sheds dirt readily
Sharkskin
89
- Fine quality cotton fabric - Thread count is low, sheeting defined as muslin - Thread count is high, the yarn is combed - Defined as "Percale"
Sheeting
90
- Lightweight, from different, colored yarns making iridescent look - Crisp but not stiff hand - From rayon/ polyester blend - Used for apparel, sophisticated window treatments & pillow
Shimmer
91
- From Germany & Austria - To produce freedom of body movement for the athlete - Good surface texture, durable & moisture absorbent
Stretch Woven
92
- Twill weave silk/ rayon - Wrinkles easily - Soft & flexible, lightweight & lustrous
Surrah
93
- Fine, plain weave, smooth both sides w/ sheen on its surface - May be solid colored, printed/ woven - Luxury for women's wear 16th C. -From Persian fabric named "Taftan" - Dressy fabric
Taffeta
94
- Plain weave, 2 up & 2 down twill weave - From Spain - Called "tiritana" - Associated w/ Scottish clans - Specific woven pattern signify Scottish clan in modern era - Blocks of color that repeat vertically & horizontal - Square patter & lines known as "Sett" - Known as "plaid"
Tartan
95
- From cotton - Uncut loops on both sides of fabric - Absorbent, the greater the loops the more it absorbs - When pile is only one side called "Turkish Towelling"
Terry Cloth
96
- Broad term, extremely strong - Covering for pillows, mattresses & box springs, home furnishings & for work clothes & sports clothes - Striped, twill/ sateen weave - Sturdy & strong smooth & lustrous
Ticking
97
- From 100% microfiber polyester - lightweight fabric - Silky feel & slight sheen, excellent draping - Known as "crepe de chine"
Tissue Faille
98
- Durable heavy poplin - From polyester & cotton blend - Utility cloth, for table cloth, chair covers
Trigger
99
- Rough, irregular, soft & flexible, unfinished - Shaggy cloth - "Tweed River" - Oldest & most popular outer wear fabrics - Twill plain weave - Check / herringbone pattern
Tweed
100
- World's 1st ultra microfiber - Tradename: Dr. Miyoshi Okamoto in1970 - Feels like natural suede - Age better that real suede, multifunctional - For fashion, interior, automotive & industrial - Described as the most all microfiber on market.
Ultrasuade
101
- Loosely applied to cut pile cloths - Fine raised finish - French term "Velvet" - Resembles velvet but has a lower cut pile
Velour
102
- Warp pile cloth in a succession of rows of short cut pile stand close together to have even surface - Extra set of filling warps
Velvet
103
- Filling pile is made by cutting an extra set of filling yarns (weft) - Usually made in cotton - Imitation velvet
Velveteen
104
- Crisp, lightweight, plain weave cotton like fabric - Similar appearance to organdy / organza - Used in blouse dresses - From French term "veil"
Voile
105
- Honeycombed weave - Used for coatings, draperies, dresses and towels
Waffle
106
- Have been laundered before shipping - Done to reduce shrinkage
Washed
107
- Cloth made from cross-bred yarns and a strongly colored - Highly raised, lustrous and nap in one direction
Zibeline