Types of energy and processes Flashcards
What are the four main types of energy?
And discribe each type briefly.
Nuclear Energy
Binds protons neutrons within atomic neuclei.
Chemical Energy
Binds electrons to neuclei and atoms to each other.
Latent Energy
Bunds molecules to each other in solids.
Thermal/sensible Energy
Vibrations in solids, liquids and gases.
What are the two main mechanical forms of energy?
write equations for both.
Kinetic Energy
Ke=1/2MV^2
where M=mass of the object
V=velocity of the object
Gravitational Potential Energy
Gpe=MGH
M=mass of the object
G=acceleration from gravity (9.8ms^-2)
H= Height of elavation
What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third body then they are also in equilibrium with each other.
For the purpose of the exam thermal equilibrium means “has the same temperature”
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy CANNOT be created or destroyed only transfered into different forms.
Net change in the energy of a system is equal to the net transfer of energy into a system as heat and work.
The law can also be expressed in equation form as follows.
ΔE=Q-W
where E=Energy of the system
Q=Heat energy of the system
W=Work of the system
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The entropy of an isolated system never decreases and tends towards disorder.
What is the third law of thermodynamics?
The entropy of a pure subsance at absolute zero is zero.
What is an adiabatic process?
A process where work can cross the boundaries of the system but not heat.
Q = 0 and Δt doesnt equal 0
What is an isothermal process?
This is a process that has a constant temperature.
ΔT=0 and Q doesnt = 0
What is an isobaric process?
This is where a constant pressure is maintained throughout the process.
ΔP=0
What is an isochoric process?
This is a process where the volume remains constant throughout.
ΔV=0
Name and discribe the three types of systems?
Open - Energy and mass are free to move through the system.
Closed - The mass of a system is constant, however energy is free to move throughout the system.
Isolated - Neither energhy or mass is free to move through the system.
