Types Of Emergencies And Treatment Flashcards
S&S: Pallow, sweating, nausea, anxiety, puppilary dilation, yawning, decreased BF, bradycardia (slow pulse) convulsive movements, unconsciousness
Cause: cerebral hypoxia (reduced BF to to brain) sitting or standing stiff, anxiety
Syncope and psychogenic shock
Treatment for syncope and psychogenic shck
P - positioning: supine position, lower head slightly and elevate legs (for pregnant, roll o left) assess consciousness
A - Airway: ensure open airway
B - breathing: adequate breathing
C - circulation: check carotid pulse — should be adequate
D - dispense/administer:
5-6L/min O2 flow rate
Aromatic ammonia (vaporole) “smelling salts optional
E - Ensure: vital signs, Drug administration, patient response
F - Facilitate - next steps in medical/dental care
Treatment for low blood pressure
P - positioning: supine position, lower head and raise leg
A - airway: ensure open airway
B - Breathing: check breathing
C - circulation: check pulse and ensure adequate circulation
D - dispense/administer:
IV of 5% dextrose in lactated ringers solutions
In unresponsive patient: vasopressor drug such as phenylephrine
E - ensure vital signs, DA and patient response
F - facilitate next steps in medical/dental care
Treatment for low pulse rate patients (less than 60bpm)
P - positioning: place in supine position
A- Ariway: ensure and maintain patent airway
B - Breathing: adequate breathing
C - circulation: should be adequate
D - Dispense/administer:
Atropine 0.5mg IV (to increase HR).
Repeat dose up to 3mg; then consider the use of dopamine or epi
E - ensure: vital signs, DA, and patient response
F - facilitate next steps in medical/dental care
S&S: no pulse or BP, sudden cessation of respiratory (apnea), cyanosis, dilated pupils
Cause: abrupt interruption of blood supple and oxygen to the coronary arteries and heart muscle due to ischemia (clot)
Cardiac arrest
Treatment for cardiac arrest
S&S: hunger, weakness, trembling, tachycardia, pallor, sweating, paresthesia, uncooperative, mental confusion, incoherent, uncooperative, belligerent, unconscious, tonic-clonic movements, hypotension, hypothermia, rapid thready pulse coma
Cause: lack of blood glucose to the brain; taking insulin and not eating
Hypoglycemia (insulin shock)
Treatment for conscious patients having hypoglycemia
Position - upright sitting position
Airway - ensure open airway
Breathing - ensure that patient is breathing
Circulation - check pulse and confirm adequate circulation
Dispense/administer - give drink with high sugar content or a glucose paste
Ensure vital signs, DA, and patient response
Facilitate next steps in medical/dental care
S&S: altered consciousness, wet, clammy, confusion, weakness, fatigue, headache, pain in abdomen or legs, nausea and vomiting, hypotension and syncope, coma
Cause: adrenal suppression by exogenous steroids.
Acute adrenal insufficiency
S&S: dizziness (patient may fall), vertigo and vision change, nausea and vomiting, transient paresthesia, unilateral weakness or paralysis, headache, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, coma
Cause: interruption of blood supply and oxygen to the brain occurring as a result of ischemia or hemorrhage
Stroke
S&S: aura (flash of light or sound, a unusual smell), mental confusin, excessive salivation, rolling back ofeyes, loss of consciousness, tonic phase (contractions - clenching of teeth) followed by clonic phase (tremors, convulsive movements of extremities)
Cause: several potential cause including syncope, drug reactions, hypoglycemia, hyperventilation, cerebrovascular accident, convulsive seizure disorder
Convulsions (seizure)
S&S: confusion, talkative, restless, apprehensive state, excited manner, headache, lightheadedness, convulsions, increase BP and PR
Cause: too large dose of local anesthethic per body weight, rapid absorption of drug or inadvertent IV injetion, slow detoxification or eliminating of drug
Local anesthesia drug toxicity
S&S: rapid and shallow breathing, confusion, dizziness, paresthesia, cold hands, carpalpedal spasms; can progress to seizure
Cause: anxiety-induced excessive loss of CO2 from deep and rapid breathing: also respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation
S&S: coughing or gagging associated with foreign object, inability to speak; possible cyanosis from airway obstruction; violent respiratory effort; suprasternal retraction; rapid pulse
Cause: foreign body in larynx or pharynx
Aspiration or swallowing a foreign object
Sense of suffocation, pressure in chest, nonproductive cough, expiratory wheezes, prolonged expiratory phase, increased respiratory effort, chest distension, thik, stringy mucous sputu, cyanosis
Cause: can be induced by allergy infection, exercise, anxiety leading to bronchial inflammation, bronchoconstriction, vascular permeability, occlusion o bronchioles by thick mucuous plugs, bronchospasms
Bronchial asthma
S&S - mild pruritus (itching) - slow appearance; and muild urticaria (rash) - slow apearance
Cause: overreaction to allergens such as drugs, polles or food in which mast cells degranulate and release histamines, often in skin or mucosa
Mild (delayed onset) allergic reaction
S&S - skin reactions - rapid appearing such as severe pruritus (itching os skin, throat, palate) severe urticaria (rash); swelling of lips, eyelids, cheeks, pharynx, and larynx; and anaphylactic shock
Cause - overreaction to allergens such as drugs, ollens or food where mast cells degranualte and release histamines in cardiopulmonary system
Severe (immediate onset) allergic reaction
S&S: cessation of breathing, cyanosis
Cause : physical obstriction of airway, drug induced apnea
Respiratory arrest
S&S: substernal myocardial pain that can radiate to arms, neck, jaw or abdomen; myocardial pain lasting less than 15 minutes and possile raidating to the left shoulder; pain relived by nitroglycerin; patient usually has a history of the condiiton
Cause - blood supply o the cardiac muscle is insufficient for oxygen demand (artherosclerosis or coronary artery spasm). Angina episode may be precipitated by stress, anxiety or physical activity
Angina pectoris
S&S: development of chest pain, sometimes manifested ascrushing, squeezing or heavy feeling, that is more severe than with angina, possibly radiating to the neck, shoulder or jaw: lasting longer than 15minutes, and not relived by nitroglycerin tablets.
in a conscious patient. Cyanotic, pale, or ashen appearance; weakness, cold sweat, nausea, vomiting, air hunger and sense of impending death; increased, irregu- lar pulse beat of poor quality with palpitations, feeling of impending doom.
Cause - Interruption of blood supply to the heart, most commonly due to occlusion of coronary vessels. Anoxia, ischemia, and infarct are present.
Myocardial infarction
