Comprehensive Exzm. Last Topic Flashcards
According to the americal cancer society, oral cancer claims almost as many lives as ____ cancer
Melanoma cancer
Symptoms of oral cancer
Ulcer - doesnt heal within more than 2 weeks
Pathces - red and white patches
Lumps - unusual lumps or swelling
Is an area of abnormal appearing skin or mucosa that does not resemble the soft tissue surrounding it
Soft tissue kesion
Is one in which the surface of the lesion is the same as the normal levels of the skin or oral mucosa
Flat lesion
A small flat, discolored spot on the skin or mucosa that does not include a change in skin texture or thickness
Less than 1cm in size
Brown, black, red, or lighter skin discoloration
Ex. Freckles, petechia, amalgam tattoo
Macule
A flat, discolored area on the skin or mucosa; larger than 1cm in size
Ex. Lichen planus, snuff diapers patch, port wine stain
Patch
One in which the surfaces of the lesion is raised above the normal level of the skin or oral mucosa
Elevated lesion
A solid raised lesion that is usually less than 1cm in diameter
Papule
A superficial raised lesion often formed by the coalescence of closely grouped papules; is more than 1cm in diameter
Plaque
A raised marble like lesion detectable by touch, usually 1cm or more in diameter; can be felt as a hard mass distinct from the tissue surrounding it
Ex. Wart, bcc, melanoma, enlarged lymph node
Nodule
A raised, somewhat irregular area of localized edema; are often itchy, lasting 24hrs or less; usually due to an allergic reaction, such as a drug or insect bite
Ex. Mosquito bite, hives
Wheals
An elevated lesion filled with clear fluid or pus
Fluid filled lesion
A small blister filled with a clear fluid; 1cm or less in diameter
Herpex simplex, herpes zoster, chickenpox, smallpox
Vesicle
Large blister filled with clear fluid, over 1cm in diameter
Blister, seen in burns
Bulla
A small raised lesion filled with pus
Ex. Acne, abscess
Pustule
In which the surface if the lesion is below the normal level of the skin or oral mucosa
Depth is from thew base to the top of the lesions margin
May be superficial or deep
Depressed lesion
A crater like lesion of the skin or mucosa where the top two layers of the skin are lost
Aphthous ulcer, chickenpox
Ulcer
Depth is superficial if it is less than _mm
3mm
Deep ulcer with a depth or more than _mm
3mm
A long, narrow break in the surface of the skin or mucosa
Linear crack
A linear crack in the top two layers of the skin or mucosa
Fissured tongue, angular cheilitis
Fissure
Document characteristics of lesion
A - anatomical location
B - border
C - color and configuration
D - diameter
E ot T - type / evolving
Instrument to use if lesion is on the skin
Plastic mm ruler
Instrument to use if lesion is in intraoral
Pdl probe
Keys to effective examination technique
Consistent sequence
Good palpation technique
Careful documentation
Allows the clinician to gather general information on the health of a patient, note early indications of some disease, and detect abnormalities and potentially life threathening malignancies at an early stage
Ora lexamination
Seven subgroups in inspecting and palpating the oral cavity
Subgroup 1: lips and vermillion border
Subgroup 2: oral cavity and the mucosal surface
Subgroup 3: underlying structures of the lips and cheeks
Subgroup 4: floor of the mouth
Subgroup 5: salivary gland function
Subgroup 6: the tongue
Subgroup 7: palate, tonsils, and oropharynx
Subgroup 2 inspect what
Oral cavity
Lanbial mucosa of the lower lip
Labial mucosa of the upper lip
Maxillary buccal mucosa
Mandibular buccal mucosa
Keys to effective examination technique
Consistent sequence
Good palpation technique
Careful documentation
The technique of comperssing the tissue between the fingers and thumb on the same hand
Compression between the fingers of one hand
The technique for comperssing the tissues between the fingers of both hands in coordination to assess a structure
Compression between the fingers of both hand
This technique uses one or two fingers to move or depress a structure against the underlying tissues
Compression against an underlying structure
This palpation technique uses the fingertips to move or compress a structure against the underlying tissues
Compression against and over an underlying structure
Subgroup 1 inspects?
Lips and vermillion border
Subgroup 3 inspects?
Underlying structures of the lips and cheeks
Lower lip, upper lip
Right cheek, left cheek
Sbugroup 4 inspects?
Floor of the mouth
Ant and post region of the mouth
Floor of the mouth
Subgroup 5 inspect?
Salivary glnd function
Submandibular, sublingual and parotid salivary ducts - examine
Subgroup6 inspects?
The tongue
Ventral, dorsal, ateral border of the tongue - visual inspection
Tongue - palpate
Subgroup 7 inspects?
Palate, tonils and oropharynx
Healthy and unhealthy color of gum tissue
Healthy
- uniform pink color
- pigmented
Changes in disease
- bright red, bluish purple, white or pale pink
Healthy and unhealthy size of gum tissue
Healthy
- fits snugly around the tooth
Unhealthy
- enlarged
Healthy and unhealthy position of margin of gum gum tissue
Healthy. - near the CEJ: 1 - 2 mm coronal to CEJ
Uhealhty
- more than 2mm around coronal to CEJ
- apical to CEJ
Healthy and unhealthy shape of gum tissuee
Healthy
- normal , stippled
Unhealthy
- smooth, shiny, no stippling
- firm and nodular (fibrotic)
Healthy and unhealthy shape of gum tissue
Healthy
- marginal gingiva: meets the tooth in a tapered or slightly rounded edge
- interdental papilae: flat, pointed papilla fills the enbreasure space between two adjacent teeth
Unhealthy
- marginal gingiva: meets the tooth in a rolled, thickened, or irregular edge
- interdental papillae: papilla may be bulbous, blunted, cratered, or missing
Healthy and unhealthy consistency of gum tissue
Healthy
- firm
- resilient under pressure
Unhealthy
- soft, flaccid
- spongy, puffy
- leathery, not resilient
Healthy and unhealthy bleeding/exudate of gum tissue
Healthy
- no bleeding, no exudate
Unhealthy
- bleeding on probing; heavy bleeding upon probing in acute gingivitis
A solution that can further reveal the presence and distribution of plaque and calculus
Disclosing solution
Excessive tooth mobility may be related to loss of periodontal attachment or trauma from occlusion
Mobility
The amount of vertical overlap is known as____
Overbite
The maxillary incisiors vertically overlap the mandibular incisors
Vertical overlap
The maxillary incisors are labial to the mandibular incisors
Horizontal distance
The horizontal distance between the incisal edged of the maxillary teeth and the mandibular teeth is known as the ___
Overjet
Molar relation of class 1 occluson
The buccal groove of the mandibular first molar is directly in line with the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar
Canine relation of class I occlusion
The maxillary permanent canines occludes with the distal half of the mandibular canine and the mesial half of the mandibular permanent premolar
The buccal grooves of the mandibular first molar is distal to the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar by at least the width of a premolar
Class II division 1: groove is posterior to normal position
The distal surface of the mandibular canine is distal to the mesial surface of the maxillary canine by at least the width of a premolar
Class II division 1: groove is posterior to normal position
In class II division 1, all four maxillary incisors ___
Protrude
In class II division 2, both maxillary lateral incisors __ White both central incisors __
Lateral - protrude
Cenrtal - retrude
The bccal groove of the mandibular first molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar by at leastthe width of a premolar
Molar relation of clas III
The distal surface of the mandibular canine is mesial to the mesial surface of the maxilla canine by at least a width of a premolar
Canine relationship of class III: groove is anterior to normal position
Findings discovered by the dentist during an examination
Signs
Findings verbally revealed by the patients themselves, usually because they are causing problems
Said to be subjective
Symptoms
O
The only way that flat lesions can be detected is through?
Change in color from the surrounding skin or oral mucosa
Chang in color from the surrounding skin or oral mucosa
