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Mr Webber Biology > Types of Disease > Flashcards

Types of Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Ring rot

A

Caused by bacterium
Affects potatoes and aubergines
Damages leaves and fruit

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2
Q

Tobacco mosaic virus

A

Affects tobacco plants, tomatoes and cucumbers
Damages leaves flowers and fruits
Infected plants have stunted growth

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3
Q

Potato blight

A

Caused by fungus

Infected plants experience cell death in leaves tubers and fruit

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4
Q

Black Sigatoka

A

Caused by a fungus
Pathogen attacks leaves, leading to reduced yields of fruit
Affects Bananas

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5
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Caused by bacterium

Damages lung tissue

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6
Q

Meningitis

A

Caused by bacterium

Damages membrane around the brain

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7
Q

HIV/AIDS

A

Caused by virus

Affects immune system

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8
Q

Influenza

A

Caused by a virus

Destroys ciliated epithelial cells

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9
Q

Malarial parasite

A

It is a protoctist

It invades erythrocytes and liver cells

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10
Q

Ringworm

A

Caused by a fungus

Caused grey-white, crusty, circular patches of skin

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11
Q

Athletes foot

A

Caused by a fungus

Causes cracking and scaling

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12
Q

What shapes can bacteria be

A

Coma, corkscrew, rod, spiralled, spherical

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13
Q

2 classifications of bacteria, and what colour each appears.

A

Gram positive, violet

Gram negative, red/orange

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14
Q

Process by which bacteria reproduce

A

Asexual reproduction, binary fission

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15
Q

Structure of viruses

A

DNA or RNA surrounded by Protein

0.02-0.3 micrometers in diameter

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16
Q

How do viruses reproduce

A

Invade cells
Genetic material also of the virus takes over the biochemistry of the host cell making more viruses
Rapidly reproducing

17
Q

What are protoctists

A

Group of eukaryotic organisms with a variety of feeding methods.
Protists which cause disease are parasites.
Use people or animals as their host. Pathogenic protists may need a vector to transfer them.
Use people or animals as their host
Includes single cells organisms and cells group into colonies
% of protoctist act as pathogens causing disease

18
Q

How do fungi feed

A

Excrete enzymes onto their food which break it down.

Then absorb the nutrients

19
Q

2 main types of transmission

A

Direct transmission

Indirect transmission

20
Q

Examples of direct transmission

A

Direct contact
Inoculation
Ingestion

21
Q

Direct contact

A

Kissing, contact with other persons bodily fluids
Skin to skin contact
Microorganisms from faces transmitted on hands

22
Q

Inoculation

A

Through a break in the skin
From an animal bite
Through a puncture wound or sharring needles

23
Q

Ingestion

A

Taking in contaminated food and drink

Transferring pathogens from mouth to hands

24
Q

Indirect transmission examples

A

Fomites
Droplet infection
Vectors

25
Q

Fomites

A

Inanimate objects such as a table can transfer pathogens

26
Q

Droplet infections

A

Minute droplets of saliva and mucus are expelled from your mouth as you talk

27
Q

Vectors

A

Transmits pathogens from 1 host to another

Water is also a vector

28
Q

Factors affecting transmission in animals

A
  • over crowded living + working conditions
  • poor nutrition
  • compromised immune system, HIV/AIDS, or needing immunosuppressive drugs after surgery
  • poor disposal of waste
  • climate change
  • culture, traditional medical practices
  • socioeconomic factors, lack of trained professionals
29
Q

Transmission of pathogen between plants

A

Direct transmission- direct contact of a healthy plant with any part of the diseased plant
Indirect transmission- soil contamination, vectors( wind, water , animals and humans)

30
Q

Factors affecting the transmission of communicable diseases in plants

A
  • planting varieties of crops that are susceptible to disease
  • over crowding, increases contact
  • poor mineral nutrition reduces resistance in plants
  • damp warm conditions increases survival of pathogens
  • climate change
31
Q

All diseases caused by bacterium

A

Ring rot
Tuberculosis
Meningitis

32
Q

All diseases caused by fungus

A

Black sigatoka, ring worm, athletes foot

33
Q

All diseases caused by virus

A

TMV, HIV/AIDS, influenza

34
Q

All diseases caused by protoctist

A

Malarial parasite, potato blight oomycete

35
Q

What is meant by a persons health

A

Absence of disease

Mental and physical well being

Mr Webber Biology (17 decks)

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