Types of Disease Flashcards
Ring rot
Caused by bacterium
Affects potatoes and aubergines
Damages leaves and fruit
Tobacco mosaic virus
Affects tobacco plants, tomatoes and cucumbers
Damages leaves flowers and fruits
Infected plants have stunted growth
Potato blight
Caused by fungus
Infected plants experience cell death in leaves tubers and fruit
Black Sigatoka
Caused by a fungus
Pathogen attacks leaves, leading to reduced yields of fruit
Affects Bananas
Tuberculosis
Caused by bacterium
Damages lung tissue
Meningitis
Caused by bacterium
Damages membrane around the brain
HIV/AIDS
Caused by virus
Affects immune system
Influenza
Caused by a virus
Destroys ciliated epithelial cells
Malarial parasite
It is a protoctist
It invades erythrocytes and liver cells
Ringworm
Caused by a fungus
Caused grey-white, crusty, circular patches of skin
Athletes foot
Caused by a fungus
Causes cracking and scaling
What shapes can bacteria be
Coma, corkscrew, rod, spiralled, spherical
2 classifications of bacteria, and what colour each appears.
Gram positive, violet
Gram negative, red/orange
Process by which bacteria reproduce
Asexual reproduction, binary fission
Structure of viruses
DNA or RNA surrounded by Protein
0.02-0.3 micrometers in diameter
How do viruses reproduce
Invade cells
Genetic material also of the virus takes over the biochemistry of the host cell making more viruses
Rapidly reproducing
What are protoctists
Group of eukaryotic organisms with a variety of feeding methods.
Protists which cause disease are parasites.
Use people or animals as their host. Pathogenic protists may need a vector to transfer them.
Use people or animals as their host
Includes single cells organisms and cells group into colonies
% of protoctist act as pathogens causing disease
How do fungi feed
Excrete enzymes onto their food which break it down.
Then absorb the nutrients
2 main types of transmission
Direct transmission
Indirect transmission
Examples of direct transmission
Direct contact
Inoculation
Ingestion
Direct contact
Kissing, contact with other persons bodily fluids
Skin to skin contact
Microorganisms from faces transmitted on hands
Inoculation
Through a break in the skin
From an animal bite
Through a puncture wound or sharring needles
Ingestion
Taking in contaminated food and drink
Transferring pathogens from mouth to hands
Indirect transmission examples
Fomites
Droplet infection
Vectors
Fomites
Inanimate objects such as a table can transfer pathogens
Droplet infections
Minute droplets of saliva and mucus are expelled from your mouth as you talk
Vectors
Transmits pathogens from 1 host to another
Water is also a vector
Factors affecting transmission in animals
- over crowded living + working conditions
- poor nutrition
- compromised immune system, HIV/AIDS, or needing immunosuppressive drugs after surgery
- poor disposal of waste
- climate change
- culture, traditional medical practices
- socioeconomic factors, lack of trained professionals
Transmission of pathogen between plants
Direct transmission- direct contact of a healthy plant with any part of the diseased plant
Indirect transmission- soil contamination, vectors( wind, water , animals and humans)
Factors affecting the transmission of communicable diseases in plants
- planting varieties of crops that are susceptible to disease
- over crowding, increases contact
- poor mineral nutrition reduces resistance in plants
- damp warm conditions increases survival of pathogens
- climate change
All diseases caused by bacterium
Ring rot
Tuberculosis
Meningitis
All diseases caused by fungus
Black sigatoka, ring worm, athletes foot
All diseases caused by virus
TMV, HIV/AIDS, influenza
All diseases caused by protoctist
Malarial parasite, potato blight oomycete
What is meant by a persons health
Absence of disease
Mental and physical well being
