Types of data Flashcards

1
Q

Qualitative data

A

Non-numerical data expressed in words e.g. extract from a diary.

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2
Q

What is a strength of qualitative data?

A

Richness of detail.
Much broader in scope than quantitative data.
More meaningful, greater external validity.

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3
Q

What is a limitation of qualitative data?

A

Difficult to analyse.
Hard to identify patterns and make comparisons.
Leeds to subjective interpretation and researcher bias.

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4
Q

Quantitative data

A

Numerical data e.g. reaction time or number of mistakes

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5
Q

What is a strength of quantitative data?

A

Easier to analyse.
Can draw graphs and calculate averages.
So comparisons between groups can be made.

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6
Q

What is a limitation of quantitative data?

A

Narrower in meaning.
Expresses less detail than qualitative data.
Lower external validity - may be less like real life.

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7
Q

Primary data

A

First hand data collected for the purpose of the investigation.

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8
Q

What is a strength of primary data?

A

Fits the job.
Study designed to extract only the data needed.
Information is directly relevant to research aims.

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9
Q

What is a limitation of primary data?

A

Requires time and effort.
Designing and collating questionnaires takes time and expense.
Secondary data can be accessed within minutes.

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10
Q

Secondary data

A

Collected by someone other than the person who is conducting the research e.g. work of other psychologists or government statistics.

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11
Q

What is a strength of secondary data?

A

Inexpensive.
The desired information may already exist.
Requires minimal effort making it inexpensive.

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12
Q

What is a limitation of secondary data?

A

Quality may be poor.
Information may be outdated or incomplete.
Challenges the validity of any conclusions.

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13
Q

Meta-analysis

A

A type of secondary data that involves combining data from a large number of studies. Calculation of effect sizes.

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14
Q

What is a strength of meta-analysis?

A

Increases validity of conclusions.
The eventual sample size is much larger than individual samples.
Increases the extent to which generalisations can be made.

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15
Q

What is a limitation of meta-analysis?

A

Publication bias.
Researchers may not select all relevant studies, leaving out negative or non-significant results.
Therefore conclusions may lack validity.

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