Types of damage

Question 1

What are the two types of damage

Answer 1

Lethal and sublethal

Question 2

What is lethal damage

Answer 2

It is an irreversible, irreparable damage that usually leads to cell death

Question 3

What is sublethal damage

Answer 3

A damage that can be repaired in hours, and is often evident at lower dose levels

Question 4

What is ARS more in depth, how is it caused

Answer 4

When a person is exposed to a large, single, short-term whole body dose of ionising radiation.

Question 5

What are the three ARS syndromes again

Answer 5

Bone marrow syndrome -2-6SV
Gastrointestinal syndrome 6-10SV
Central nervous system syndrome >10SV

Question 6

What is the mean survival time

Answer 6

The average survival time of organisms based off of the dose to their whole body, the average is determined because different individuals show different radiosensitivity.

Question 7

Is there a risk of cancer from diagnostic X-rays

Answer 7

Yes studies have been done which find a +ve relationship between the dose to the bone marrow and brain and the risk of tumours.

Risk is very low although it is detectable

Question 8

What are the mechanisms for radiation-induced changes for stochastic risks

Answer 8

*DNA Radiation effects at the cellular level result from changes in a critical or “target” molecule.

*This target molecule is DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which regulates cellular activity and contains genetic information needed for cell replication.

*The DNA molecule is called a chromosome. Permanent changes in this molecule will alter cell function and may result in cell death.

Question 9

What type is more likely to cause damage

Answer 9

indirect, humans are 80% water