Types Of Culture Flashcards
What are the types of culture ?
- cultural diversity
- cultural hybridity
- subculture
- high culture
- popular culture
- global culture
- consumer culture
What is diversity
Variety or difference
What is cultural diversity ?
Difference and variety found In societies
What are the two types of cultural diversity ?
Intercultural and intracultural diversity
What is intercultural diversity?
Difference BETWEEN cultures
What is intracultural diversity?
Differences WITHIN cultures
what is example of intercultural diversity ?
Margret Mead, Hamar Tribe and the IK
What are the examples of intracultural diversity?
Regional diversity, social class diversity and ethnic diversity
What is ethnic diversity ?
- 9% of UK population is made up of minority ethnic groups who remain commited to mother culture
- language , food , costums and religion will subscribing to norms and values of British culture
- south Asians wear Salwar kameez
What is social class diversity ?
Britain is a class socket made up of different social economic groups
- upper class , middle class and working class
- each with distinctive cultural characteristics
What is regional diversity?
Key regions of the UK
- northern and southern England, Scotland and wales
- with own traditions , costums and norms
What is hybrid ?
Cross between or merging of two or more things
What is cultural hybridity ?
Two or more cultures merge to create a new culture
Example of cultural/ethnic hybridity ?
- Johal : white mask
- Nayak: white wannabe
What did Johal:white mask focus on ?
Focused on second and third generation British-Asians
What did Johal:white mask find ?
Dual identity that inherit an Asian identity and adopt a British one
What does Johal:white mask say Asian youths adopt ?
Asian youth adopting a white mask to interact with White Peers at schools and college but emphasising cultural difference when necessary
according to Johal: white mask what do Asian youth who Interact with white peers emphasise ?
Cultural differences when feel it is necessary
What do British-Asian adopt according to Johal:white mask ?
Hybrid identities
Johal: white mask example of global culture in music
Young British Asian listen to Bhangra music a mixture of Punjabi music with Western Rythm
What is white wannabe according to Nayak ?
White British males who dress,act and speak in way that influenced black hip hop culture
Example of multicultural London English ?
Jafaican style of accent and speech used in london by white people influenced by African Caribbean speech and accents
What is Nayak: white wannabe , Jafacian a product of ?
Mixed groups of white and black young people influence each other
What did Nayak: white wannabe Mixed groups of white and black young people influence each other create ?
Hybrid dialect
What is a subculture?
- A culture within a culture- smaller grouping of people
- a group who share distinctive norms and values which differ from wider culture
What are some examples of subcultures?
Emo , punks , skaters
What is the key study of subculture ?
Anti-school subculture:
Wills
What was Paul Willis’ study ?
- Paul Willis studied/focused on working class lads
- saw themselves as school failures but turned it around to a good thing
- messing around in school as knew they would be working in the factory like fathers so don’t have value of education
- did a follow up and saw nothing changed still messing around
Who developed the four features of subculture ?
Paul Hodkinson
What was the four features of a subculture by Paul Hodkinson ?
- Commitment
- Identity
- Distinctivess
- Autonomy
What is commitment?
Members must be commited to the point that subculture influence pattern everyday life e.g free time, shopping, going out
What is identity ?
Members share a sense of connection with group insiders and share aspect of identity and this separates the insider from the outsiders
What is distinctiveness ?
Sense of taste, ideas or values which is different from those of other groups and consistent with the group
What is autonomy ?
Subculture are independent and self governing so do not rely on mainstream culture to produce what is needed for the group to function
What is high culture ?
Refers to the cultural practise that are associated with the powerful, wealthy, elite and upper social classes
How can high culture been seen as ?
Ween as superior to popular culture or culture of the masses
what are the examples of a high culture ?
- opera
- ballerina
- theatre
- art e.g Da Vinci
- Literature e.g Charles Dickens
What are the studies for high culture ?
- the cultural importance of high culture
- the superiority of high culture: FRANK & QUEENIE LEAVIS
according to the cultural importance of high culture why does the supporters of high culture see these activities as special ?
believed that these activities are special because they represent the nations cultural heritage
according to the culture importance of high culture due to the supporters of the high cultures seeing these activities as special what examples enforce how special it is ?
- this is why society invest millions of pounds into institutions such as museums and art galleries
- sky art , newspapers devote much time and space to high culture
what are the reasons Frank and Queenie Leavis: the superiority of high culture wanted to defend high culture?
- the work in the canon is timeless
- it has humanising influence
- is high culture elitist ?
Frank and Queenie Leavis: the superiority of high culture
what is the work in the canon is timeless ?
they have stood the test of time. the values lie within the work themselves. this is called intrinsic value
what was opera, classical music, classical literature often referred as ?
the canon
Frank and Queenie Leavis: the superiority of high culture
why does the work in the cannon as timeless have intrinsic value ?
they stood the test of time and the values lie within the works themselves
Frank and Queenie Leavis: the superiority of high culture
why does high culture have a humanising influence ?
readers of classical work will be rewarded for putting their efforts in understanding them
Frank and Queenie Leavis: the superiority of high culture
according to it has a humanising influence what will be more difficult to understand ?
works in the canon
Frank and Queenie Leavis: the superiority of high culture
according to it has a humanising influence despite works in canon being difficult to understand why is it still good to study it ?
but by studying them we better and educate ourselves
Frank and Queenie Leavis: the superiority of high culture
according to is high culture elitist who is high culture associated with ?
small elite in society
Frank and Queenie Leavis: the superiority of high culture
according to is high culture elitist : what do the small elite in society operate ?
operate a social closure
Frank and Queenie Leavis: the superiority of high culture
according to is high culture elitist : what is social closure ?
not allowing entry of ‘outsiders’
Frank and Queenie Leavis: the superiority of high culture
according to is high culture elitist : why do the elites operate a social closure ?
so elites can continue to maintain high culture elite and exclusive position
Frank and Queenie Leavis: the superiority of high culture
according to is high culture elitist : why is high culture limiting their accessibility to the average person ?
expensive and cultural products require a high level of education audience to appreciate their value
