Key Concepts Flashcards
What are the key concepts of culture and identity ?
- culture
- norms
- values
- relative nature of norms and values
- universal norms and values
What is culture ?
Refers to entire way of life of a particular society
When considering culture what do you consider ?
The whole system of behaviour and beliefs of a society or group
Example of culture ?
- knowledge
- art, music and fashion
- costums
- language
- faith/religion
What is diversity (variety) of cultures ?
Culture vary hugely across the world
How do we acquire our culture ?
Form a variety of other people and social instituons such as family, media, peer, education
What are values ?
Beliefs and ideas that society sees as important and accepted by majority of society
Examples of values ?
Hygiene , loyalty , educational achievement, success , respect , knowledge
What is norms ?
Expected patterns of behaviour that are based on values of a culture
What are examples of norms ?
Listen , punctual , hygiene, manners , going to school
What does it mean if norms and values of any culture are relative ?
Means they are not fixed and they change
In what terms can norms by relative ?
Space and time , values are not the same for all people and situations
Example of relative nature of norms and values
- wearing clothes in UK is norm in public however not a norm in the shower
- in USA acceptable to conversate in public space e.g bus or queue but not in Britain
- abortion and homosexuality use to be illegal in Britain but now acceptable
What are those who do not follow norms and values considered ?
Deviance
What is deviance ?
Behaviour that goes against norms is groups or a society
What are the example of key study in which norms and values are relative across space and how culture can be diversed ?
- Hamar Tribe
- the IK of Northern Uganda
- Margret Mead : sex and Temperament in three primitive societies
What is hamar tribe ?
- in Ethiopia
- has rich culture in ceremony and ritual
- to reach adulthood men must leap onto backs of cattle’s and run across them
- women are whipped before ceremony to prove their devotion to men
Where is hamar tribe at ?
Ethiopia
What do men do in hamar tribe to represent adulthood ?
Jump onto backs of cattle and run across them
What happens to women in Hamar tribe ?
Whipped before ceremony to prove devotion to men
What is the hamar tribe rich in ?
Culture ceremony and rituals
What is the IK of northern Uganda ?
- family is not important part of society for the IK means very little
- due to IK that face a daily struggle to survive in drought, famine and starvation
- anyone who cannot take care of themselves are seen as burden and hazard to survival of others
- children seen as useless like old people
- old , sick and disabled are abandoned to die
- children throw out of village to fend for themselves
How if family regarded in IK ?
Not important part of society
Why is family not regarded as important in IK ?
Face daily struggles to survive drought, famine and starvation
How are those who cannot take care of themselves regarded as in IK ?
Burden and hazard to survival of others
How are children regarded in IK ?
Like old people abandoned to die, like sick and disabled children
What happens to children around the age of 3 ?
Mothers throw them out of village to fend for themselves
Key study: sex and temperant in three primitive societies - Margret mead
Who is Margret Mead ?
American anthropologists
Key study: sex and temperant in three primitive societies - Margret mead
Where did Margret Mead study ?
Several tribal cultures in Samoa and New Guinea
Key study: sex and temperant in three primitive societies - Margret mead
What did Mead study ?
Male and female behaviors and gender role expectations in different tribes
Key study: sex and temperant in three primitive societies - Margret mead
What did Mead find from study ?
Very different from gender role expectations in different tribes
Key study: sex and temperant in three primitive societies - Margret mead
What did Mead find out of Arapesh tribe ?
Both males and females were gentle and cooperative
Key study: sex and temperant in three primitive societies - Margret mead
What did she find in Mundugumor ?
Both genders were violent and agressive
Key study: sex and temperant in three primitive societies - Margret mead
How was gender role in Tchambuli ?
Women were dominant and aggressive and not involved in childbearing
- whereas men were timid , emotionally dependent and decorating themselves
- Agressive men was abnormal
