Types Of Chemical Reactions Flashcards
What are the types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion
When balancing chemical equations…
1) Start with metals
2) Do non-metals + polyatomic atoms
3) H and O are done last
What is synthesis?
Reaction where two elements react and form a compound (A + B —> AB)
Na + O2 —>
Synthesis reaction
Metal + Oxygen —> Metal Oxide (Na2O)
Na2O + H2O —>
Synthesis reaction
Metal Oxide + Water —> Base (NaOH)
CaO + CO2 —>
Synthesis reaction
Metal Oxides + Non-metal Oxides —> Salt with Oxyanion (CaCO3)
What is decomposition?
Reaction where a compound breaks into its elements (AB —> A + B)
CaCO3 (+heat) —>
Decomposition reaction
Metal Carbonates (+heat) —> Metal Oxide (CaO3) + Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
H2CO3 (+heat) —> H2O + CO2
Decomposition reaction
Some acids decompose when heated
Ca(OH)2 (+heat) —>
Decompostion reaction
Metal hydroxides (+heat) —> Metal Oxide (CaO) + Water
2NaNO3 (+heat) —>
Decomposition reaction
Metal Nitrates (+heat) —> Metal Nitrite (2NaNO2) + Oxygen
2H2O2 —>
Decomposition reaction
Hydrogen Peroxide (+ Catalyst MnO2) —> Water + Oxygen
Carbonates and Chlorates
Special case in decomposition
Special cases where they produce Carbon Dioxide and the Metal Oxide (don’t go to the elements)
What is single displacement?
Reaction where an element replaces another element in a compound (based on reactivity of the elements)
Single displacement example
Zn + HCl —>
ZnCl2 + H2 (Zinc has a higher activity series than Hydrogen, so the reaction occurs)
Single displacement example
Cu + HCl —>
No Reaction (Copper has a lower activity series than Hydrogen, therefore no reaction occurs)
What is double displacement?
Reaction where an element in a compound switches with another element in a different compound to form two new compounds (reactants are always aqueous)
Signs of double displacement
Formation of a precipitate, gas, or water.
What is combustion?
Reacting where a hydrocarbon (CxHy) or a carbohydrate (CH2O) reacts with oxygen to form oxides
When is a combustion complete?
When water and carbon dioxide are produced
Bases
Key word
Compounds including OH- (or N at times)
Acids
Key word
Compounds including H+
Basic Oxide
Key word
Metal Oxides (reactions with water forms bases)
Acide Oxide
Key word
Non-metals bonded with Oxygen (reactions with water forms acids)
