types of cancers

Question 1

prostate cancer risks
- patho?

Answer 1

50+yrs, african american, genetics, hormonal changes, high fat diet/processed meats
- spread = bone pain and pathological fx with metastasis

Question 2

food that can inc risk of prostate cancer

Answer 2

high fat and processed meats

Question 3

food that can help prevent prostate growth

Answer 3

green/yellow veggies, tomatoes

Question 4

t/f: prostate growth always means cancer

Answer 4

false

Question 5

what hormone stimulates prostate growth

Answer 5

dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Question 6

when to start screening for prostate cancer
- diff screening techniques

Answer 6

50+ years
PSA: prostate specific antigen
DRE: digital rectal exam
TRUS: transurethral ultra sound

Question 7

how should the prostate feel on the DRE if the pt has prostate cancer

Answer 7

hard, nodular, asymmetric

Question 8

C/M for prostate cancer at each stage
- early
- advanced
- systemically advanced

Answer 8

early: asymptomatic

advanced: urinary obs, stream issues

sys advanced: bone pain, fx, edema

Question 9

breast cancer risks

Answer 9

50+ yrs, african american and medit., early mens/late meno, first baby after 30, genetics, BRCA 1-2 mutation

Question 10

breast cancer screening at each age
- 40-44
- 45-54
- 55+

Answer 10

40-44: mammogram, annual screen
45-54: mammogram, annual screen
55+: mammogram, biennial or annual
cont if expected to live another 10yrs

Question 11

surgery tx options for breast cancer

Answer 11

lumpectomy: removal of lymph nodes (stage 1-2)
sentinel node biopsy: inject dye –> tumor –> where dye drains to = which nodes to remove

Question 12

chemotherapy options, what stage for each therapy:
- after surgery:
- high dose + surgery + RT:
- chemotherapy:

Answer 12

after surgery (stage 1-2)
high dose + surgery + RT (stage 3)
chemotherapy (stage 4)

Question 13

HER 2 protein breast cancer
- what antibody tx?

Answer 13

cancer that is more likely to recur and metastasize, more aggressive
- herpicept: antibody tx

Question 14

removal of nodes leads to risk of _____
- nursing int

Answer 14

lymphedema
- elevate limb to heart level, wear compression sleeve, no BP or IVs on that arm, avoid injuries

Question 15

colon cancer risks

Answer 15

genetics, polyps, ulcerative colitis, high fat/processed foods, stool stasis, all ethnic groups at risk

Question 16

screening for colon cancer should start at ______ yrs and a positive screening should follow with a __________

Answer 16

45yrs and a colonoscopy if positive screen ????

Question 17

t/f: survival with colon cancer depends on stage of dx

Answer 17

true

Question 18

explain tenesmus
- c/m of which part of the colon affected

Answer 18

feeling of incomplete pooping, thin stools (c/m of descending colon cancer)

Question 19

surgery options of colon cancer

Answer 19

colon resection: take tumor/colon out
hemicolectomy: one side of colon taken out
colectomy: entire colon

Question 20

what is the leading cause of cancer deaths

Answer 20

lung cancer

Question 21

lung cancer risks
- patho?

Answer 21

smoking, genetics, TB, radiation, pollution
patho: dec O2/CO2 exchange = wheezing, PNA can conceal cancer on xray

Question 22

C/M of colon cancer for each stage
- early:
- later:

Answer 22

early: asymptomatic
later: cough, change in RR pattern, SOB, bloody/rust colored sputum, weight loss, chest pain, pleural effusion, wheezing, stridor,

Question 23

first dx for possible lung cancer is ______
followed by the definitive dx by _______

Answer 23

chest xray, sputum cytology