types of cancers Flashcards
prostate cancer risks
- patho?
50+yrs, african american, genetics, hormonal changes, high fat diet/processed meats
- spread = bone pain and pathological fx with metastasis
food that can inc risk of prostate cancer
high fat and processed meats
food that can help prevent prostate growth
green/yellow veggies, tomatoes
t/f: prostate growth always means cancer
false
what hormone stimulates prostate growth
dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
when to start screening for prostate cancer
- diff screening techniques
50+ years
PSA: prostate specific antigen
DRE: digital rectal exam
TRUS: transurethral ultra sound
how should the prostate feel on the DRE if the pt has prostate cancer
hard, nodular, asymmetric
C/M for prostate cancer at each stage
- early
- advanced
- systemically advanced
early: asymptomatic
advanced: urinary obs, stream issues
sys advanced: bone pain, fx, edema
breast cancer risks
50+ yrs, african american and medit., early mens/late meno, first baby after 30, genetics, BRCA 1-2 mutation
breast cancer screening at each age
- 40-44
- 45-54
- 55+
40-44: mammogram, annual screen
45-54: mammogram, annual screen
55+: mammogram, biennial or annual
cont if expected to live another 10yrs
surgery tx options for breast cancer
lumpectomy: removal of lymph nodes (stage 1-2)
sentinel node biopsy: inject dye –> tumor –> where dye drains to = which nodes to remove
chemotherapy options, what stage for each therapy:
- after surgery:
- high dose + surgery + RT:
- chemotherapy:
after surgery (stage 1-2)
high dose + surgery + RT (stage 3)
chemotherapy (stage 4)
HER 2 protein breast cancer
- what antibody tx?
cancer that is more likely to recur and metastasize, more aggressive
- herpicept: antibody tx
removal of nodes leads to risk of _____
- nursing int
lymphedema
- elevate limb to heart level, wear compression sleeve, no BP or IVs on that arm, avoid injuries
colon cancer risks
genetics, polyps, ulcerative colitis, high fat/processed foods, stool stasis, all ethnic groups at risk
screening for colon cancer should start at ______ yrs and a positive screening should follow with a __________
45yrs and a colonoscopy if positive screen ????
t/f: survival with colon cancer depends on stage of dx
true
explain tenesmus
- c/m of which part of the colon affected
feeling of incomplete pooping, thin stools (c/m of descending colon cancer)
surgery options of colon cancer
colon resection: take tumor/colon out
hemicolectomy: one side of colon taken out
colectomy: entire colon
what is the leading cause of cancer deaths
lung cancer
lung cancer risks
- patho?
smoking, genetics, TB, radiation, pollution
patho: dec O2/CO2 exchange = wheezing, PNA can conceal cancer on xray
C/M of colon cancer for each stage
- early:
- later:
early: asymptomatic
later: cough, change in RR pattern, SOB, bloody/rust colored sputum, weight loss, chest pain, pleural effusion, wheezing, stridor,
first dx for possible lung cancer is ______
followed by the definitive dx by _______
chest xray, sputum cytology
