iv fluid and electrolytes Flashcards
central venous access devices (CVADs)
catheters placed in large blood vessels of ppl who need freq or special access to the vascular system
hydrostatic pressure
pressure pushing out of cell
oncotic pressure
pressure keeping fluids in cells
hypertonic solution
- what kind of fluids?
solution that has higher osmolality than plasma, draws water out of cell
–> D5.45, D5.9, D5LR, 3% Sodium
hypotonic solutions
–> what kind of fluids?
solution with an osmolality lower than plasma, pulls fluid back into cells
–> 0.45, 0.33, 0.22, D5W
isotonic solutions
–> what kind of fluids?
solution with osmolality the same as plasma, will cause no fluid change
–> LR, 0.9 NS
osmolality
measure number milliosmoles/kg of water
what is the most common fluid and electrolyte disorder ?
dehydration
body water % for infant, adult, elderly?
infant = 75%
adult = 60%
elderly = 55%
osmosis
diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
explain why there are fluid movement changes at the capillary arterial/venous end of capillaries?
t/f: isotonic solutions only expands intravascular space
true
what are other regulations for fluid balance (7)
- hypothalamus/pituitary (thirst center)
- renal –> RAAS
- cardiac –> ANP and BNP
- stress
- GI (vomit, diarrhea)
- Insensible losses (sweating, burns)
- Lymphatic system (drain)
explain how hypothalamus/pituitary gland can regulate dehydration?
dehydration (H2O deficit) –> hypothalamus osmo-receptors stimulated –> pituitary gland secretes ADH –> kidneys reabsorb water –> osmolality falls
explain how kidneys can regulate dehydration?
dehydration = decreased renal perfusion –> renin increases –> angiotensin increases –> aldosterone increases –> Na retention and water
explain how cardiac system can regulate excess/high bp?
increase in atrial pressure –> increase in ANP and BNP –> excretion of Na and H2O
