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Breast disease > Types of breast cancer > Flashcards

Types of breast cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main 4 types of breast cancer?

A
  • Ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS)
  • Lobular carcinoma-in-situ (LCIS)
  • Invasive ductal carcinoma
  • Invasive lobular carcinoma
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2
Q

What is the most common type of breast cancer?

A

Ductal carcinoma

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3
Q

What is ductal carcinoma?

A

Tumours arising from the epithelial lining of the ducts

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4
Q

What is lobular carcinoma?

A

Tumours arising from the epithelial lining of the terminal ducts of the lobules

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5
Q

What is the most common type of cancer in the UK?

A

Breast cancer

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6
Q

What is ductal carcinoma in-situ?

A

Pre-cancerous or cancerous epithelial cells of the breast ducts

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7
Q

Who is usually affected by ductal carcinoma in-situ?

A

Women 40-60 years

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8
Q

Where is ductal carcinoma in situ localised to?

A

Localised to a single area- Cancer hasn’t spread beyond the basement membrane of the ducts

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9
Q

How is ductal carcinoma in situ usually diagnosed?

A

Via mammography

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10
Q

How is ductal carcinoma in situ picked up on mammography?

A

A solid centre, or a necrotic centre, which can subsequently calcify, making the lesions visible on mammography

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11
Q

What does a ductal carcinoma in-situ have the potential to do?

A

to spread locally along the ducts over years

to become an invasive breast cancer (around 30%)

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12
Q

What is the prognosis of ductal carcinoma in situ?

A

Good if fully excised and adjuvant treatment is used

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13
Q

What is lobular carcinoma in situ?

A

A pre-cancerous condition occurring typically in pre-menopausal women

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14
Q

In whom does lobular carcinoma in-situ usually affect?

A

Pre-menopausal women

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15
Q

How is lobular in situ carcinoma usually diagnosed?

A

Incidentally on breast biopsy

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16
Q

How does lobular carcinoma in situ usually present?

A

Asymptomatically and undetectable on a mammogram

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17
Q

What is there an increased risk of in the future with lobular carcinoma in situ?

A

An increased risk of invasive breast cancer in the future (around 30%)

18
Q

How is lobular carcinoma in situ managed?

A

Close monitoring (e.g., 6 monthly examination and yearly mammograms

19
Q

What is another term for invasive ductal carcinoma?

A

Invasive breast carcinoma of no special/specific type (NST)

20
Q

Where does invasive ductal carcinoma originate?

A

Breast ducts

21
Q

How can invasive ductal carcinoma be diagnosed?

A

Mammography

22
Q

In whom can invasive ductal carcinoma be diagnosed?

A

Pre and post-menopausal women

23
Q

What percentage of invasive breast cancers does invasive ductal carcinoma account for?

A

80% of invasive breast cancers

24
Q

What percentage of invasive breast cancers does invasive lobular carcinoma account for?

A

10% of invasive breast cancers

25
Q

Where do invasive lobular carcinomas originate?

A

Originate in cells from the breast lobules

26
Q

Are invasive lobular carcinomas visible on mammographys?

A

Not always visible on mammograms

27
Q

What are the other 2 more common types of breast cancer?

A

Inflammatory breast cancer
Paget’s disease of the nipple

28
Q

What does inflammatory breast cancer present similarly to?

A

Breast abscess or mastitis

29
Q

How does inflammatory breast cancer present?

A

Swollen, warm, tender breast with pitting skin (peau d’orange)

30
Q

What does inflammatory breast cancer not respond to?

A

Antibiotics

31
Q

What is the prognosis of inflammatory breast cancer?

A

Worst prognosis of all breast cancers

32
Q

What causes the inflamed appearance of the breast?

A
  • Cancerous cells block the lymph drainage
  • This results in an inflamed appearance of the breast
33
Q

How does paget’s disease of the breast present?

A

Eczema of the nipple/areolar- Erythematous, scaly rash

34
Q

What is Paget’s disease of the nipple associated with?

A

An underlying breast malignancy

35
Q

Which cancers might paget’s disease of the nipple indicate?

A

DCIS
Invasive breast cancer

36
Q

How is Paget’s disease of the nipple diagnosed?

A

Biopsy

37
Q

What is the management of paget’s disease of the nipple?

A

Staging and treatment, as with any other invasive breast cancer

38
Q

What are the rare forms of breast cancer?

A

Medullary breast cancer
Mucinous breast cancer
Tubular breast cancer
Multiple others

39
Q

What are the clinical presentations of breast cancer?

A
  • Lumps that are hard, irregular, painless or fixed in place
  • Lumps may be tethered to the skin or the chest wall
  • Nipple retraction
  • Skin dimpling or oedema (peau d’orange)
  • Lymphadenopathy, particularly in the axilla
40
Q

Where would you get lymphadenopathy in someone with breast cancer?

A

In the Axilla

Breast disease (14 decks)

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