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Types of breast cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main 4 types of breast cancer?

A
  • Ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS)
  • Lobular carcinoma-in-situ (LCIS)
  • Invasive ductal carcinoma
  • Invasive lobular carcinoma
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2
Q

What is the most common type of breast cancer?

A

Ductal carcinoma

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3
Q

What is ductal carcinoma?

A

Tumours arising from the epithelial lining of the ducts

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4
Q

What is lobular carcinoma?

A

Tumours arising from the epithelial lining of the terminal ducts of the lobules

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5
Q

What is the most common type of cancer in the UK?

A

Breast cancer

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6
Q

What is ductal carcinoma in-situ?

A

Pre-cancerous or cancerous epithelial cells of the breast ducts

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7
Q

Who is usually affected by ductal carcinoma in-situ?

A

Women 40-60 years

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8
Q

Where is ductal carcinoma in situ localised to?

A

Localised to a single area- Cancer hasn’t spread beyond the basement membrane of the ducts

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9
Q

How is ductal carcinoma in situ usually diagnosed?

A

Via mammography

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10
Q

How is ductal carcinoma in situ picked up on mammography?

A

A solid centre, or a necrotic centre, which can subsequently calcify, making the lesions visible on mammography

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11
Q

What does a ductal carcinoma in-situ have the potential to do?

A

to spread locally along the ducts over years

to become an invasive breast cancer (around 30%)

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12
Q

What is the prognosis of ductal carcinoma in situ?

A

Good if fully excised and adjuvant treatment is used

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13
Q

What is lobular carcinoma in situ?

A

A pre-cancerous condition occurring typically in pre-menopausal women

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14
Q

In whom does lobular carcinoma in-situ usually affect?

A

Pre-menopausal women

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15
Q

How is lobular in situ carcinoma usually diagnosed?

A

Incidentally on breast biopsy

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16
Q

How does lobular carcinoma in situ usually present?

A

Asymptomatically and undetectable on a mammogram

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17
Q

What is there an increased risk of in the future with lobular carcinoma in situ?

A

An increased risk of invasive breast cancer in the future (around 30%)

18
Q

How is lobular carcinoma in situ managed?

A

Close monitoring (e.g., 6 monthly examination and yearly mammograms

19
Q

What is another term for invasive ductal carcinoma?

A

Invasive breast carcinoma of no special/specific type (NST)

20
Q

Where does invasive ductal carcinoma originate?

A

Breast ducts

21
Q

How can invasive ductal carcinoma be diagnosed?

A

Mammography

22
Q

In whom can invasive ductal carcinoma be diagnosed?

A

Pre and post-menopausal women

23
Q

What percentage of invasive breast cancers does invasive ductal carcinoma account for?

A

80% of invasive breast cancers

24
Q

What percentage of invasive breast cancers does invasive lobular carcinoma account for?

A

10% of invasive breast cancers

25
Where do invasive lobular carcinomas originate?
Originate in cells from the breast lobules
26
Are invasive lobular carcinomas visible on mammographys?
Not always visible on mammograms
27
What are the other 2 more common types of breast cancer?
Inflammatory breast cancer Paget's disease of the nipple
28
What does inflammatory breast cancer present similarly to?
Breast abscess or mastitis
29
How does inflammatory breast cancer present?
Swollen, warm, tender breast with pitting skin (peau d’orange)
30
What does inflammatory breast cancer not respond to?
Antibiotics
31
What is the prognosis of inflammatory breast cancer?
Worst prognosis of all breast cancers
32
What causes the inflamed appearance of the breast?
* Cancerous cells block the lymph drainage * This results in an inflamed appearance of the breast
33
How does paget's disease of the breast present?
Eczema of the nipple/areolar- Erythematous, scaly rash
34
What is Paget's disease of the nipple associated with?
An underlying breast malignancy
35
Which cancers might paget's disease of the nipple indicate?
DCIS Invasive breast cancer
36
How is Paget's disease of the nipple diagnosed?
Biopsy
37
What is the management of paget's disease of the nipple?
Staging and treatment, as with any other invasive breast cancer
38
What are the rare forms of breast cancer?
Medullary breast cancer Mucinous breast cancer Tubular breast cancer Multiple others
39
What are the clinical presentations of breast cancer?
* Lumps that are hard, irregular, painless or fixed in place * Lumps may be tethered to the skin or the chest wall * Nipple retraction * Skin dimpling or oedema (peau d’orange) * Lymphadenopathy, particularly in the axilla
40
Where would you get lymphadenopathy in someone with breast cancer?
In the Axilla

Breast disease (14 decks)

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