Types of Bonds

Question 1

Define Ionic Bond

Answer 1

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 2

Define covalent bond

Answer 2

Bonding between non-metals/sharing of electrons

Question 3

What are the 7 diatomic elements?

Answer 3

H - Hydrogen
N - Nitrogen
F - Fluorine
O - Oxygen
I - Iodine
Cl - Chlorine
Br - Bromine

Question 4

What are the types of covalent bonds?

Answer 4

Single (one pair shared), Double (two pairs shared), Triple (three pairs shared)

Question 5

Define metallic bonding

Answer 5

The atoms in metals are arranged in regular layers
Each layer loses its outer shell electrons - forms cations
Electrons from the outer shells are free to move around - delocalised electrons
Force between positive ions and delocalised electrons = metallic bond

Question 6

Define the properties of metals and give reasons.

Answer 6

1. Shiny appearance - Due to photoelectric effect
2. High density (except alkali metals - soft) - delocalised electrons and metal cations are packed closely together by attraction forces
3. Malleable (can be flattened) - The layers of metal ions can slide over each other due to non-directional bonds
4. Ductile (can be stretched) - The layers of metal ions can slide over each other due to non-directional bonds
5. Good conductors of heat and electricity - The delocalised electrons are free to move through the structure
6. High melting and boiling points - Strong attraction between metal cations and delocalised electrons

Question 7

Define alloy

Answer 7

Mixture of metals formed by mixing molten metals together and allowing them to cool and form a solid

Question 8

Why are alloys stronger than metals?

Answer 8

They are stronger because of the different sizes of atoms - less easy to slide over each other - harder to break