Atomic Structure

Question 1

Define element

Answer 1

Substance that is entirely made of ONE type of atom

Question 2

Define atomic number

Answer 2

Amount of protons or the amount of electrons IF neutral

Also known as the proton number

Question 3

Define mass number

Answer 3

Amount of protons + amount of neutrons

Also known as atomic mass, atomic weight, nucleon number, relative mass and relative atomic mass.

Question 4

How is the amount of neutrons calculated?

Answer 4

Mass number - number of protons

Question 5

Define isotope

Answer 5

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 6

Define ion

Answer 6

An atom that has a charge (electrons), whether it be positive or negative

Question 7

Define valence electrons

Answer 7

Number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of the element/atom.

Question 8

Define valency

Answer 8

Number of electrons needed to fill the outermost shell (involved in bonding)

Question 9

The group number of an element means the amount of _________________

Answer 9

Valence electrons

Question 10

The period number of an element means the amount of _______________

Answer 10

Energy shells

Question 11

Define chemical bond

Answer 11

Interaction that occurs between atoms to form molecules/compounds

Question 12

Define ionic bonding

Answer 12

Bonding of metal and non-metal atoms

Question 13

Define covalent bonding

Answer 13

Bonding between non-metal atoms only

Question 14

Define metallic bonding

Answer 14

Bonding of metal atoms only

Question 15

Define Bohr models

Answer 15

Proposed by Niels Bohr in 1915
Electrons orbit the nucleus in energy shells that have a set size and energy
Energy of shell is related to its size, therefore smallest orbit = lowest energy

Question 16

How do elements get their chemical properties?

Answer 16

Electrons, due to reacting/ unreactive

Question 17

When two atoms bond. do/don’t the nucleuses touch each other?

Answer 17

The nucleuses do not touch during bonding, only the valence electrons.

Question 18

What sub-atomic particle is involved in chemical reactions?

Answer 18

Electrons.

Question 19

What are the 7 rules for Bohr Models?

Answer 19

1. Shows electrons in energy shells
2. Shows amount of protons and neutrons (at times)
3. 1st energy level can hold 2 electrons
4. 2nd energy level can hold 8 electrons
5. 3rd energy level can hold 18 electrons, but is stable at 8
6. Octate rule (2-8-8)
7. Must fill an energy level to capacity before moving to the next energy level

Question 20

Define Lewis Dot Structures.

Answer 20

Shows the bonding between atoms of a molecule and lone pairs of electrons that may exist in a molecule.
Shows only valence electrons (outer energy level)

Question 21

How is a Lewis Dot Structure created? (7 steps)

Answer 21

1. Draw the chemical symbol (e.g. Na for Sodium)
2. Determine whether the element is a neutral atom / ion (e.g. Sodium is a cation, because it loses 1 electron)
3. Determine valence electrons by atom’s group number (e.g. Sodium is in group 1, therefore it has 1 valence electron)
4. Skip the middle when counting groups, and drop the 1 in front of groups 13-18
5. Draw the valence electrons around the chemical symbol (e.g. Sodium would have 1 dot)
6. Starting at the top, draw 4 electrons, or dots, counter-clockwise around the element symbol
7. In the case of an ion, add square brackets [] and the charge on the outside (e.g. Sodium is a cation with a charge of +1, therefore the Lewis Dot Structure would look like this: [Na]+(1) )