types of attachment Flashcards
1
Q
who found the types of attachment
A
Mary Ainsworth in her strange situation
2
Q
who are the key people
A
Ainsworth and Bell 1970
3
Q
A
4
Q
what was the procedure
A
- controlled observation to measure security of baby’s attachment
- takes place in room with controlled conditions (lab study) with a two way mirror and or cameras which psychologists used to study babies behaviours.
5
Q
what were the behaviours used to judge attachment
A
- proximity seeking (good quality attachment will stay close to caregiver)
- exploration and secure base behaviour (good attachment will confidently explore but return to caregiver)
- stranger anxiety (anxiety if stranger comes near for good attachment)
- separation anxiety (will protest if attached)
- response to reunion. (greet with pleasure and comfort)
6
Q
how many episodes did the procedure have
A
7
7
Q
how many minutes did each episode of the procedure last
A
3
8
Q
at the beginning, where do the caregiver and baby enter
A
an unfamiliar playroom
9
Q
what were the different stages and what did they test
A
- baby encouraged to explore (exploration and secure base)
- stranger comes in, talks to caregiver and approaches baby (stranger anxiety)
- caregiver leaves baby and stranger together (separation and stranger anxiety)
- caregiver returns and stranger leaves (reunion behaviour and exploration/secure base)
- caregiver leaves baby alone (separation anxiety)
- stranger returns (stranger anxiety)
- caregiver returns and is reunited with baby (reunion behaviour)
10
Q
what types of attachment with Ainsworth et al (1978) find
A
- secure attachment
- insecure avoidant attachment
- insecure resistant attachment
11
Q
what was type A
A
insecure avoidant
12
Q
what was type B
A
secure attachment
13
Q
what was type C
A
insecure resistant
14
Q
explain type A
A
- insecure avoidant
- babies explore freely but do not seek proximity or show secure-base behaviour
- show little or no reaction when caregiver leaves and little stranger anxiety
- make no effort to make contact when caregiver returns and may even avoid contact
- 20-25% of british babies are classed at this level
15
Q
explain type B
A
- secure attachment
- explore happily but regularly go back to their caregiver (proximity seeking and secure base behaviour).
- show moderate separation distress and moderate stranger anxiety
- require and accept comfort from caregiver at reunion stage
- 60-75% of british babies are classified at this level.
16
Q
explain type C
A
- insecure resistant
- seek greater proximity than others and so explore less
- show high levels of stranger and separation distress but they resist comfort when reunited with caregiver
- around 3% of babies are classified at this stage in britain
17
Q
why is a strength good predictive validity
A
- predicts aspects of babies later development
- research has shown that babies assessed at type B have better outcomes than others, in later childhood and adulthood. Like better grades at school and less bullying (McCormick et al. 2016, Kokkinos 2007)
- securely attached babues have better mental health in adulthood (Ward et al. 2006)
- babies who have insecure resistant or don’t fall into type A B or C tend to have worse outcomes
- suggests strange situation measures something real.
18
Q
why is a strength that the strange has good inter dater reliability
A
