caregiver- infant interactions Flashcards
explain reciprocity
when both caregiver and baby respond to each others signals, and each elicit a response from each other. can also be seen as turn taking
give an example of reciprocity
a mother might respond to a baby’s smile by saying something and this will in turn elicit a response from the baby
what are alert phases within reciprocity
a period in which babies signal and are ready for a spell of interaction
reciprocity - alert phases- how often do mothers pick up on their babies alertness? And who researched this?
around two thirds of the time (Feldman and Eidelman 2007). although this varies according to the skill of the mother and external factors such as stress (Finegood et al. 2016)
reciprocity alert phases- from around 3 months does this interaction become increasingly or decreasingly frequent? who researched this?
this interaction tends to become increasingly frequent and involves both mother and baby playing close attention to each others verbal signals and facial expressions (Feldman 2007)
what is active involvement within reciprocity?
traditional views have only portrayed babies in a passive role, receiving care from an adult. however it seems that babies as well as caregivers actually take an active role, and both initiate interactions and they appear to take turns in doing so
who described active involvement within reciprocity as a dance?
T. Berry Brazelton et al. (1975) because each partner responds to the other persons moves
describe interactional synchrony
when baby and caregiver carry out the same actions simultaneously. their actions mirror each other
what did Feldman 2007 define interactional synchrony as
‘the temporal co-ordination of micro-level social behaviours’
explain how interactional synchrony begins and who observed this. include findings
Andrew Meltxoff and Kieth Moore (1977) observed the beginnings of interactional synchrony in babies as young as 2 weeks old. an adult displayed one of three facial expressions or one of three distinctive gestures. the babies response was filmed and labelled by independent observers. The baby’s expression and gestures were more likely to mirror those of the adults more than chance would predict- there was a significant association
explain the importance of attachment in relation to interactional synchrony. Mention who researched this and their findings
it is important for developing caregiver-infant attachment. Russell Isabella et al. (1989) observed 30 mothers and babies together and assessed the degree of synchrony. The researchers also assessed the quality of mother-baby attachment. They found high levels of synchrony were associated with better quality mother-baby attachment (e.g the emotional intensity of the relationship)
