Types of antibiotics/ antimicrobials: Antibiotic prophylaxis Flashcards
Differentiate antimicrobials and antibiotics
· Antimicrobials target a broad range of microbes such as virus, fungi, archaea and bacteria
· Antibiotics specifically target bacteria
For these antibiotics, state their MOA:
- Beta-lactams
- Vancomycin
- Bacitracin
- Cephalosporins
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (peptidoglycans of gram positive bacteria)
For this antibiotic, state its MOA:
- Polymyxins
Inhibition of cell membrane function
For these antibiotics, state their MOA:
- Tetracycline
- Clindamycin
- Aminoglycosides
- Macrolides
- Oxazolidinones
- Chloramphenicol
Inhibition of protein synthesis
For this antibiotic, state its MOA:
- Quinolones
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
For these antibiotics, state their MOA:
- Trimethoprim
- Sulphonamides
Antimetabolite
List the 4 different types of antimicrobials (not the same as antibiotics)
- Anti-mycobacterial agents
- Antifungals
- Antivirals
- Antiparasitic agents
State which type of antimicrobials these drugs belong to:
- Fluconazole
- Miconazole
- Amphotericin
- Terbinafine
Antifungals
State which type of antimicrobials these drugs belong to:
- Acyclovir
- HIV drugs
Anti- virals
State which type of antimicrobials these drugs belong to:
- Albendazole
- Ivermectin
Antiparasitic agents
State which type of antimicrobials these drugs belong to:
- Isoniazid
- Rifampicin
- Pyrazinamide
Anti- mycobacterial agents
Explain the MIND ME principle of appropriate antimicrobial use
M
• Microbiology guides therapy wherever possible
I
• Indications should be evidence based
N
• Narrowest spectrum therapy required
D
• Dosage individualized to the patient and appropriate to the site and type of infection
M
• Minimize duration of therapy
E
• Ensure oral therapy is used where clinically appropriate
List the four classes of wounds
Clean
Clean- contaminated
Contaminated
Dirty or infected wounds (organisms present BEFORE procedure)
Describe the four classes of wounds
Clean:
• Uninfected, no inflammation
Clean- contaminated:
• Class 2 wounds enter the respiratory, alimentary, genital, or urinary tracts. However, these wounds have entered these tracts under controlled conditions.
Contaminated:
• These are fresh, open wounds that can result from insult to sterile techniques orleakage from the gastrointestinal tract into the wound.
Dirty or infected wounds (organisms present BEFORE procedure):
• These wounds typically result from improperly cared for traumatic wounds. Contains devitalized tissue
