Types of Animal and Plant Tissue Flashcards
What are the four types of animal tissue?
Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle
Describe epithelial tissue.
Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, protects organs and forms glands. It does not contain blood vessels, and relies on underlying tissue for nutrients. Some epithelial tissue contains cells that secrete substances. Epithelial cells are arranged close together
Provide some example of epithelial tissue.
Skin, lining of digestive and respiratory systems.
Describe connective tissue.
Composed of an extracellular matrix made of collagen and elastin for strength and flexibility, with cells within it. Connective tissue provides support for all parts of the body, binds other tissues together.
Provide examples of the types of connective tissue
fibrous connective tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, areolar (cartilage and tendons)
Describe nervous tissue
Nervous tissue is made of neurons, which consist of multi-branched dendrites and an extending axon. Nervous tissues makes up the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. The structure of neurons is specialised for their function of passing messages around the body,
Identify types of neurons
Sensory neurons detect external stimuli, and motor neurons stimulate muscle contraction.
Describe muscle tissue
Muscle tissue is composed of cells that are highly specialised for contraction. They are elongated, and contain specific proteins that interact to cause lengthening and shortening.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal (striated), cardiac, and smooth
Describe skeletal muscle tissue
Long cells with striations (light and dark areas). Striations caused by arrangement of proteins. This muscle tissue is attached to bone and their contraction causes movement. They are voluntary muscle tissues.
Describe cardiac muscle tissue
Present in the heart, and also have striations. Individual cells have specialised junctions for heart contractions. Involuntary muscle tissue.
Describe smooth muscle tissue
Do not have striations, their contractions pushes substances through specialised organs such as intestines, involuntary.
What are the three organ systems in plants?
Shoot system, root system and vascular system
What is the shoot system?
The part of the plant above ground. Supports the plant, enables transport, carries out photosynthesis and reproduction. (Organs: leaves, stem)
What is the root system?
The part of the plant below ground. Absorbs water and nutrients (Organs; roots with root hairs)
What is the vascular system?
The transport system of the plant, made of xylem and phloem vessels.
What are the four types of tissues in plants?
Meristematic tissue, dermal tissue, vascular tissue, ground tissue.
What is meristematic tissue?
Contains the stem cells of the plant, found in root and shoot tips. In the meristematic tissue, cells divide to produce new growth. Woody plants have meristem tissue in rings of their stem.
What is dermal tissue?
Protects the other plant tissues, found on the outer layers of the stem, roots and leaves. Controls interactions with plants’ surroundings.
What is the outermost layer of dermal tissue called and what are some of its functions?
The epidermal layer secretes a waxy cuticle to reduce water loss. Epidermal cells may also have hairs to trap air and reduce evaporation. Other epidermal cells have root hairs for water and mineral uptake.
What is vascular tissue?
Tissue responsible for transporting substances around the plant. Made of xylem (water from roots to leaves) and phloem (sugar from leaves to plant)
What is ground tissue?
All the internal cells of the plant that isn’t vascular tissue. Consists of a variety of cells types for storage, support, and photosynthesis.
