Types and Rate of Reactions

Question 1

Write the formulae of compounds using combining powers

Answer 1

Write down the symbols of the elements or groups involved.
Above each symbol, write its valency without the sign
Swap valencies over.
Write the formula.

Question 2

Recall the formulae and combining powers of carbonate, nitrate, sulfate, hydroxide, ammonium

Answer 2

CO3=-2, NO−3=-1,SO4=2,OH−=-1,NH4=1

Question 3

Recall the formulae of hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric acids

Answer 3

sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and nitric acid (HNO3).

Question 4

Construct balanced symbol equations

Answer 4

balanced symbol equation has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the arrow

Question 5

word equations for the types of reactions oxidation, reduction, neutralisation, decomposition, precipitation

Answer 5

oxidation=
C ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) → CO 2 ( g ) reduction= Ax + By + C = 0
neutralisation= acid + base = salt + water decomposition= Ag++1e−→Ag0 precipitation= AgNO3(aqueous) + KCl(aqueous) —–AgCl(precipitate) + KNO3(aqueous)

Question 6

Recall the definition of oxidation

Answer 6

A chemical reaction that takes place when a substance comes into contact with oxygen or another oxidizing substance

Question 7

Recall the definition of reduction

Answer 7

any of a class of chemical reactions in which the number of electrons associated with an atom or a group of atoms is increased

Question 8

Recall the definition of neutralisation

Answer 8

a chemical reaction where an acid and a base react with each other quantitatively

Question 9

Recall the definition of Decomposition

Answer 9

the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, and the breakdown of water to hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 10

Recall the definition of precipitation

Answer 10

the process of transforming a dissolved substance into an insoluble solid from a saturated solution.

Question 11

Recall the definition of displacement

Answer 11

Displacement is defined to be the change in position of an object.

Question 12

Identify whether a substance is acid/base from its formula and/or name

Answer 12

count the hydrogens on each substance before and after the reaction

Question 13

Describe how reduction can be used to extract a metal

Answer 13

Extraction using carbon

Question 14

Describe how neutralisation can be used to prepare a salt by simple titration

Answer 14

same amount of base and acid put together untill it turns neutral/green

Question 15

Recall the colors of universal indicator, and phenolphthalein

Answer 15

phenolphthalein=colourless to light pink UI= Acid=lime green,yellow,beige,orange, Base=dark green,turquoise,pale blue,blue,dark blue,violet,purple

Question 16

Recall the general equation for the decomposition of a metal carbonate

Answer 16

MCO3(s)Δ MO(s)+CO2(g)

Question 17

Recall the patterns in thermal stability of metal carbonates

Answer 17

MgCO3<CaCO3<SrCO3<BaCO3.

Question 18

Describe how salts can be prepared through precipitation

Answer 18

through a double decomposition reaction

Question 19

Describe how salts can be isolated using filtration and evaporation

Answer 19

We can separate salt from water by heating the mixture. The water evaporates leaving behind salt.

Question 20

Describe how salts can be isolated using filtration and evaporation

Answer 20

filtration of the excess base
evaporation of most of the water
(let the rest of the water naturally evaporate)
Crystallisation

Question 21

Recall the chemical test for carbon dioxide

Answer 21

bubbling it through limewater (aqueous calcium hydroxide). If the limewater turns cloudy, carbon dioxide is present.

Question 22

Recall the chemical test for, hydrogen

Answer 22

Place a lighted splint in a test tube containing the gas. If the gas is hydrogen, there will be a squeaky pop

Question 23

Recall the chemical test for chlorine

Answer 23

the water dissolves some of the chlorine so that it can react with the indicator on the litmus paper. This test shows that chlorine is a powerful bleach.

Question 24

Recall the chemical test for, oxygen

Answer 24

insert a glowing splint into a test tube containing an unknown gas. If the splint relights, the gas is oxygen.

Question 25

Use the terms endothermic and exothermic to describe reactions

Answer 25

exothermic is a Chemical reaction that release energy.
Endothermic is a chemical reaction
absorbs heat and cools the surroundings.”

Question 26

Describe how to measure the rate of a reaction using: volume of gas

Answer 26

volume of gas=collecting the gas in an inverted container filled with water

Question 27

Describe how to measure the rate of a reaction using mass change

Answer 27

measuring the amount of product formed in a certain period of time

Question 28

Describe how to measure the rate of a reaction using solid disappearing

Answer 28

amount of solid lost or gained during an amount of time

Question 29

Describe how to measure the rate of a reaction using colour change

Answer 29

place a beaker on a paper with an X marked on it and measure the time it takes for it to not be visable